HIV prevention refers to practices done to prevent
the spread of HIV/AIDS. HIV prevention may be done by individuals to protect
their own health and the health of those in their community.
the spread of HIV/AIDS. HIV prevention may be done by individuals to protect
their own health and the health of those in their community.
Consistent condom use reduces the risk of heterosexual
HIV transmission by approximately 80% over long term. A vaginal gel containing
tenofovir, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, when used immediately before sex,
reduces the infection rate by approximately 40% (Calum and Baeten, 2012).
HIV transmission by approximately 80% over long term. A vaginal gel containing
tenofovir, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, when used immediately before sex,
reduces the infection rate by approximately 40% (Calum and Baeten, 2012).
Circumcision in sub-Sahara Africa “reduces the risk
of HIV infection in heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months”
of HIV infection in heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months”
According to the World Health Organization and UNAIDS
in 2007, both recommended male circumcision as a method to prevent female
–to-male HIV transmission. Women who have undergone female gental cutting have
an increased risk of HIV.
in 2007, both recommended male circumcision as a method to prevent female
–to-male HIV transmission. Women who have undergone female gental cutting have
an increased risk of HIV.
Pre-exposure method is another way of preventing
the spread of HIV. Early treatment of HIV-infected person with antiretroviral
protects 96% of partners from infection, pre-exposure prophylaxis with a daily
dose of medications tenofovir with or without emtricitabine is effective in a
number of groups including: men who have sex with men, by couples where one is
HIV positives, and by young heterosexuals.
the spread of HIV. Early treatment of HIV-infected person with antiretroviral
protects 96% of partners from infection, pre-exposure prophylaxis with a daily
dose of medications tenofovir with or without emtricitabine is effective in a
number of groups including: men who have sex with men, by couples where one is
HIV positives, and by young heterosexuals.
Post exposure: A course of antiretroviral
administered with 48 to 72 hours after exposure prophylaxis. The use of the
single agent zidovudine reduces the risk of subsequent HIV infection fivefold
following a needle stick injury. Treatment is recommended after sexual assault
when the perpetrator is known to be HIV positive but is controversial when
their HIV status is unknown.
administered with 48 to 72 hours after exposure prophylaxis. The use of the
single agent zidovudine reduces the risk of subsequent HIV infection fivefold
following a needle stick injury. Treatment is recommended after sexual assault
when the perpetrator is known to be HIV positive but is controversial when
their HIV status is unknown.
Programs to prevent the transmission of HIV from
mother to child can reduce rates of transmission by 92-99%. This primarily
involves the use of a combination of antivirals during pregnancy and after
birth in the infant but also potentially includes bottle feeding rather than
breastfeeding (Coutsoudis et al., 2010).
mother to child can reduce rates of transmission by 92-99%. This primarily
involves the use of a combination of antivirals during pregnancy and after
birth in the infant but also potentially includes bottle feeding rather than
breastfeeding (Coutsoudis et al., 2010).
References
Celum, C. and Baeten, J. (2012): Antiretroviral
based HIV-1 Prevention, Antiretroviral treatment and pre-Expose Prophylaxis. Antivirus 17(8): 1483-93.
based HIV-1 Prevention, Antiretroviral treatment and pre-Expose Prophylaxis. Antivirus 17(8): 1483-93.
Coutsoudis, A., Kwaan, L. and Thomson, M. (2010):
Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 in Resource-Limited Settings. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8(10): 1163-75.
Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 in Resource-Limited Settings. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 8(10): 1163-75.
