Data presentation and analysis

Table 4.1: Personal data

Gender	Frequency	Percentage
Male	78	36
Female	122	61
Total	200	100
Age
15-24	23	11.5
25-34	43	21.5
35-44	80	40
45 and above	54	27
Total	200	100
Marital status
Single	15	7.5
Married	136	68
Divorced	12	6
Widow/widower	37	18.5
Total	200	100
Educational status
No formal education	38	19
Primary education	60	30
Secondary education	62	31
Tertiary education	40	20
Total	200	100
Occupation
Trading	79	39.5
Farming	67	33.5
Civil servant	40	20
Self employed	14	7

Table
4.1 shows the personal data or the respondents. From the table, it is inferred
that male and female participants are 39% and 61% respectively of the total
respondents, people between the age brackets of 15-24 years are 11.5%, 25-34
years are 21.5%, 35-44 years are 40%, 45 years and above are 27% of the total. It
is also inferred that 7.5% of the respondents are single, 68% are married, 6%
are divorced and 18.5% are either widows or widowers. 19% had no formal
education, 30% had primary education, 31% had secondary education while 20% had
tertiary education. Finally, the results show that 39.5% are traders, 33.5%
were farmers, 20% are civil servants and 7% were self-employed.

Table 4.2: The health status of the
respondents

Those diagnosed of diabetes
Yes	62	31
No	138	69
Total	200	100
When they were diagnosed
Less than 1 year	8	12.9
1-3 years ago	7	11.3
4-6 years ago	36	58.1
7-9 years ago	4	6.5
10 years and above	7	11.3
Total	62	100
Those with diabetes related health problems
Yes	45	72.6
No	17	27.4
Total	62	100
What diabetic health problem
Cardiovascular (heart) disease	5	11.1
Nerve damage (neuropathy)	3	6.7
Kidney failure	0	0
Vision defects	29	64.4
Skin problems (non healing of wounds)	8	17.8
Total	45	100

Table 4.2 revealed that 31% of the
subjects were diagnosed of diabetes of which 12.9% of them were diagnosed less
than a year ago, 11.3% were diagnosed 1-3 years ago, 58.1 were diagnosed 4-6
years ago, 6.5% were diagnosed 7-9 years ago and 11.3% were diagnosed over 10
years ago. Among those diagnosed with diabetes, 72.6% of them have health
problems related to diabetes and 27.4% do not. The results also show that 11.1%
of the diabetics have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, 6.7% with
nerve damage (neuropathy), none with kidney failure, 64.4% with vision defects
and 17.8% with skin problems.

Table 4.3 Research questions 1

What
is the level of awareness of people of Diabetic Retinopathy?

The
following questions provide information related to research question 1

Those familiar with the term diabetic retinopathy
Yes	105	52.5
No	95	47.5
Total	200	100
Those that know the causes of diabetic retinopathy
Yes	96	48
No	104	52
Total	200	100
Those aware it can be prevented
Yes	96	48
No	104	52
Total	200	100
Those aware it can be treated
Yes	83	41.5
No	117	58.5
Total	200	100
Those with symptoms of diabetic retinopathy
Blurred vision	20	68
Floating spots	2	7
Sudden vision loss	0	0
Eye pain	0	0
Cataracts	7	25
Total	29	100

From Table 4.3, it is observed that
52.5% of the population is aware of the term Diabetic Retinopathy, while 47.5%
are not.48% of the respondents know the causes of diabetic retinopathy, 52% do
not. Among the diabetics, 68% exhibit blurred vision, 7% have floating spots in
their eyes, none experienced sudden loss of vision, none has experienced pains
in their eyes and 25% have cataracts.

Table 4.4: Research questions 2

Are
there proofs to show that Diabetic Retinopathy exists among people in Ogawshi-Uku
community?

The
following questions will help tackle research question 2

What diabetes related health problem
Cardiovascular (heart) disease	5	11.1
Nerve damage (neuropathy)	3	6.7
Kidney failure	0	0
Vision defects	29	64.4
Skin problems (non healing of wounds)	8	17.8
Those with symptoms of diabetic retinopathy
Blurred vision	20	68
Floating spots	2	7
Sudden vision loss	0	0
Eye pain	0	0
Cataracts	7	25
Total	29	100

From table 4.4, it is observed that
amongst those who have developed some diabetic health problems, 64.4% of them
have various eye defects. 68% of these have blurred vision, 7% have floating
spots in their eyes, none has experienced either sudden vision loss or eye pain
and 25% have cataracts.

Table 4.5: Research questions 3

What
is the attitude of people towards managing their blood sugar levels?

The
required information for dealing with research question 3 is comprehensibly
compiled below

Do you check your blood sugar
Yes	87	43.5
No	113	56.5
Total	200	100
If yes, how often?
Monthly	46	52.9
3 months	11	12.6
6 months	5	5.7
Yearly	25	28.7
Total	87	100
Those that manage their blood sugar levels
Yes	62	31
No	138	69
Total	200	100

From the table, it is observed that
56.5% of the population checks their blood sugar levels and 43.5% do not. Amongst
those who do check, 52.9% check it monthly, 12.6% check theirs every 3 months,
5.7% check theirs at 6 months interval and 28.7% check theirs yearly. The
compiled data also shows that 31% of the population manages their blood sugar
level and 69% do not.

Table 4.6: Research Questions 4

What
is the level of awareness of people of the prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy?