Rockefeller Foundation was founded in New York on May 14, 1913 six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by Standard Oil owner John D. Rockefeller (“Senior”), along with
his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
(“Junior”), and Senior’s principal oil and gas business and
philanthropic advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates. The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic
organization and private foundation with her headquarters in New
York City, United States. Its central mission over the past 100 years has been
“to promote the well-being of humanity throughout the world.”
his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
(“Junior”), and Senior’s principal oil and gas business and
philanthropic advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates. The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic
organization and private foundation with her headquarters in New
York City, United States. Its central mission over the past 100 years has been
“to promote the well-being of humanity throughout the world.”
Some of its objectives and achievements include:
·
Established the School of Hygiene at the
University of Toronto in 1927;
Established the School of Hygiene at the
University of Toronto in 1927;
·
Developed the vaccine to prevent yellow fever;
Developed the vaccine to prevent yellow fever;
·
Helped The New School provide
a haven for scholars threatened by the Nazis.
Helped The New School provide
a haven for scholars threatened by the Nazis.
·
Financially supported education
in the United States “without distinction of race, sex or creed”
Financially supported education
in the United States “without distinction of race, sex or creed”
·
Helped establish the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the
United Kingdom;
Helped establish the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the
United Kingdom;
·
Established the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Harvard School of Public Health, two of
the first such institutions in the United States;
Established the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Harvard School of Public Health, two of
the first such institutions in the United States;
In Mexico in the 1920s, the Rockefeller Foundation
started a program to eradicate hookworm. The Rockefeller Foundation program
stated that there was a crucial correlation between the world of science,
politics and international health policy. The program exemplified the time
period’s confidence in science as the solution for everything. This reliance on
science was known as scientific neutrality. This heavy reliance of scientific
neutrality contradicted the hookworm program’s fundamental objective to invest
in public health in order to develop better social conditions and to establish
positive ties between the United States and Mexico.
started a program to eradicate hookworm. The Rockefeller Foundation program
stated that there was a crucial correlation between the world of science,
politics and international health policy. The program exemplified the time
period’s confidence in science as the solution for everything. This reliance on
science was known as scientific neutrality. This heavy reliance of scientific
neutrality contradicted the hookworm program’s fundamental objective to invest
in public health in order to develop better social conditions and to establish
positive ties between the United States and Mexico.
The roles of the RF’s hookworm campaign are
characteristic of the policy paradoxes that emerge when science is summoned to
drive policy. The campaign in Mexico served as a policy cauldron through which
new knowledge could be demonstrated applicable to social and political problems
on many levels. The Hookworm Campaign set the terms of the relationship between
Mexico and the Rockefeller Foundation that persisted through subsequent
programs including the development of a network of local public health
departments. The importance of the hookworm campaign was to get a foot in the
door and swiftly convince rural people of the value of public health work.
characteristic of the policy paradoxes that emerge when science is summoned to
drive policy. The campaign in Mexico served as a policy cauldron through which
new knowledge could be demonstrated applicable to social and political problems
on many levels. The Hookworm Campaign set the terms of the relationship between
Mexico and the Rockefeller Foundation that persisted through subsequent
programs including the development of a network of local public health
departments. The importance of the hookworm campaign was to get a foot in the
door and swiftly convince rural people of the value of public health work.
Another program, the Emergency Rescue Committee was also partly funded with
Rockefeller money; this effort resulted in the rescue of some of the most
famous artists, writers and composers of Europe. A major program beginning in
the 1930s was the relocation of German (Jewish) scholars from German universities
to America. This was expanded to other European countries; when war broke out
it became a full-scale rescue operation.
Rockefeller money; this effort resulted in the rescue of some of the most
famous artists, writers and composers of Europe. A major program beginning in
the 1930s was the relocation of German (Jewish) scholars from German universities
to America. This was expanded to other European countries; when war broke out
it became a full-scale rescue operation.
Other funding went into endocrinology
departments in American universities, human heredity, mammalian biology, human
physiology and anatomy, psychology, and the
pioneering studies of human sexual behaviour. Another significant program was its
Medical Sciences Division, which extensively funded women’s contraception and
the human reproductive system in general.
departments in American universities, human heredity, mammalian biology, human
physiology and anatomy, psychology, and the
pioneering studies of human sexual behaviour. Another significant program was its
Medical Sciences Division, which extensively funded women’s contraception and
the human reproductive system in general.
Sub-professional staff were almost all recruited
locally and, wherever possible, local people were given scholarships and other
support to be professionally trained. In most cases, locals eventually took
over management of the facilities. Support was also given to research on
viruses in many other countries. The result of all this research was the
identification of a huge number of viruses affecting humans, the development of
new techniques for the rapid identification of viruses, and a quantum leap in
our understanding of arthropod-borne
viruses. In 1950 the Foundation mounted a major program of virus research,
establishing field laboratories in Poona, India; Port of Spain, Trinidad; Belém, Brazil;
Johannesburg, South
Africa; Cairo, Egypt; Ibadan,
Nigeria; and Cali,
Colombia. In time, major funding was also contributed by the countries
involved, while in Trinidad the British government and neighbouring
British-controlled territories also assisted.
locally and, wherever possible, local people were given scholarships and other
support to be professionally trained. In most cases, locals eventually took
over management of the facilities. Support was also given to research on
viruses in many other countries. The result of all this research was the
identification of a huge number of viruses affecting humans, the development of
new techniques for the rapid identification of viruses, and a quantum leap in
our understanding of arthropod-borne
viruses. In 1950 the Foundation mounted a major program of virus research,
establishing field laboratories in Poona, India; Port of Spain, Trinidad; Belém, Brazil;
Johannesburg, South
Africa; Cairo, Egypt; Ibadan,
Nigeria; and Cali,
Colombia. In time, major funding was also contributed by the countries
involved, while in Trinidad the British government and neighbouring
British-controlled territories also assisted.
In a recent shift in program emphasis, President
Rodin eliminated the division that spent money on the arts, the creativity and
culture program. Thousands of scientists and scholars from all over the world
have received foundation fellowships and scholarships for advanced study in
major scientific disciplines. In the arts it has helped establish or support
the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Ontario, Canada,
and the American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut; Arena Stage in
Washington, D.C.; Karamu House in Cleveland, Ohio; and Lincoln Centre for the Performing Arts in New
York.
Rodin eliminated the division that spent money on the arts, the creativity and
culture program. Thousands of scientists and scholars from all over the world
have received foundation fellowships and scholarships for advanced study in
major scientific disciplines. In the arts it has helped establish or support
the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Ontario, Canada,
and the American Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Connecticut; Arena Stage in
Washington, D.C.; Karamu House in Cleveland, Ohio; and Lincoln Centre for the Performing Arts in New
York.
