Immunization

Song

Get your
children vaccinated (2x)

To
prevent all deadly diseases,

Get your
children vaccinated,

Better
complete all your doses (2x)

Five (5)
doses for absolute protection,

Let
success crown all your effort

Freely,
freely we give to you (2x)

The
expensive immunization,

Freely,
freely we give to you.

What is immunization?

This is a
process of introducing antigen in form of vaccine into the body to stimulate
the production of antibodies against specific invading organism.

What is antigen?

This is
any substance (vaccine/serum) which when introduced into the body system under
favorable conditions can stimulate the production of antibodies.

What is antibody?

This is a
specific form of blood protein produced in the lymphoid tissue and able to counteract
the effects of bacterial antigens or toxins.

Importance of immunization

·
To reduce
infant death rate

·
To reduce
maternal death rate

·
To ensure
stable and happy home

·
For the
child and mother to have adequate immunity to resist infection.

Immunizable diseases and their vaccine

	Diseases	Vaccines
1.	Tuberculosis	BCG
2	Hepatitis B	HBV
3	Poliomyelitis	OPV & IPV
4	hib disease diphtheria pertusis tetanus hepatitis B	Pentavalent (5 in one vaccine)
5	Measles	Measles vaccine
6	Yellow fever	Yellow fever vaccine

What is tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis
is caused by a germ called mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually attacks the lungs and other parts
of the body, including the bones, joints and brain. People of all ages can
contact tuberculosis. The risk of developing TB is highest in children age
under 3 years and in very old people, although anyone may be affected.

Mode of transmission

·
Tuberculosis
is spread through the air. When a person with the disease coughs or sneezes,
the germs enter the air

·
Inhalation
of air

·
Over
crowded environment

·
Consumption
of unpasteurized milk (bovine TB).

What is hepatitis B?

Hepatitis
B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus, which affects the liver, people
affected usually recover, but some continue to carry the virus for many years
and can spread the infection to others. The virus is carried in the blood,
saliva, semen, vaginal fluids and most of the other body fluids.

Mode of transmission

·
Use of
unsterilized needles or syringed contaminated by hepatitis B virus from an
infected person.

·
Transmission
by mothers to their babies during birth

·
Through
social contact e.g. cuts, scrapes and sharing of toys among children

·
Through
sexual intercourse with infected person.

What is poliomyelitis?

Polio is
caused by the poliomyelitis virus. It is a crippling disease that can occur in
adults but mostly common in children.

Mode of transmission

·
Through
consumption of food and water contaminated by feces.

·
Through
droplet secretion from the throat and nose and sometimes is spread through air
when an infected person sneeze or cough.

What is HIB disease?

Hemophilic influenza type B (HIB) is a bacterium that
causes serious disease in young children throughout the world HIB causes more
than half of all cases of bacterial meningitis in infants and children less
than five years old. It also accounts for up to one quarter of all cases of
severe pneumonia in young children. HIB can also cause infections of the blood,
joint bones, throat, soft tissues and the covering of the heart.

Transmission

·
Through
droplet from nose and throat e.g. saliva etc.

What
is diphtheria?

Diphtheria
is caused by a germ called cornea bacterium diphtheria. One type of the disease
affects the pharynx and other parts of the throat while the other type causes
ulcers on the skin.

Mode of transmission

·
Through contact
with droplets and secretion from the throat, nose and eyes of an infected
person.

·
Through
contact with contaminated clothing and other articles of an infected person.

·
It is
spread in an over crowded room or poor living condition.

What is pertusis

Pertusis
or whooping cough is a disease of the respiratory tract caused by a germ called
bordetella pertussis. The germ lives in the mouth, nose and throat.

Mode of transmission

Pertussis
spreads very easily from person to person through droplets produced by coughing
or sneezing.

What is tetanus?

Tetanus
or lockjaw is caused by the germ clostridium tetani, which grows in damaged
tissues for instance in a wound or in a baby’s umbilical cord.

How it is spread?

·
It is
spread if soil or animal dung enters a wound or cut.

·
Tetanus
germs are likely to grow in deep puncture wounds caused by dirty nails,
needles, barbed wire, thorns, wood splinters and animal bites.

What is measles?

Measles
is caused by the measles virus and is highly infectious i.e. very easily
spread.

Mode of transmissions

·
Measles
is spread by contact with nose and throat secretions of infected people and in
air borne droplets released when an infected person sneezes or cough.

·
An
infected person can infect others a few days before and for several days after
he or she develops symptoms.

·
The disease
spreads easily wherever infants and children gather together.

What is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is caused by a virus that is transmitted by Aedes
mosquitoes. It is an acute disease from which patients either recover
completely or die.

Mode of transmission

·
The aedes
mosquitoes act as hosts for the infection and transmit it to people and are
said to be vectors of the diseases. They breed in small accumulation of
stagnant water.

·
Mosquitoes
may acquire the virus by biting either infected monkeys or humans and they can
then spread it to humans.

Importance of vitamin A supplement

·
Growth
and development

·
Strengthening
immune system of a child

·
It limit
the severity of illness

·
It
increases chances of survival

·
It
prevent blindness

·
It
prevent anemia.

Advice to mothers

·
Do not rub
injection site or press with hot water

·
Observe
for sign of pus formation within 4-6 weeks, if any pus, remove with cotton wool
or tissue paper and discard into a pit toilet or burn.

·
If the pus
stains beddings, mothers should wash the beddings and spread in the sun.