Infertility has been
a major problem facing human in the world today. It has led to many breakages
of homes. A large number of women are always desperate to set pregnant especially
when married and it is the right time to get pregnant.
a major problem facing human in the world today. It has led to many breakages
of homes. A large number of women are always desperate to set pregnant especially
when married and it is the right time to get pregnant.
In time past, women were
blamed and said to be the cause of their childlessness or barrenness, in the
family. This is because it is believed that when a man is able to achieve an
erection, he is as good as being fertile. Today it is known in many cases that
the reason for childlessness lies with the men also (Esimai, Orji, &
Lasisi, 2009).
blamed and said to be the cause of their childlessness or barrenness, in the
family. This is because it is believed that when a man is able to achieve an
erection, he is as good as being fertile. Today it is known in many cases that
the reason for childlessness lies with the men also (Esimai, Orji, &
Lasisi, 2009).
World Health
Organization (WHO) (2008) said that infertility whether male or female is defined
as the ability of a couple to achieve
conception or being pregnant to term after a year or more of required
unprotected sexual intercourse and between 2 and 10% of couple worldwide are
unable to conceive a child and a further 10-25% experience secondary
infertility, that is are unable to conceive a second or subsequent child. About
15% of couple of childbearing age seeks for medical help for infertility unable
after about two years of failing of conceive.
Organization (WHO) (2008) said that infertility whether male or female is defined
as the ability of a couple to achieve
conception or being pregnant to term after a year or more of required
unprotected sexual intercourse and between 2 and 10% of couple worldwide are
unable to conceive a child and a further 10-25% experience secondary
infertility, that is are unable to conceive a second or subsequent child. About
15% of couple of childbearing age seeks for medical help for infertility unable
after about two years of failing of conceive.
National Institute
for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2005) state that use of some forms of
contraceptive called the intrauterine device (IUD) contributed to an increase
rate of pelvic inflammatory disease, with subsequent scarring. However newer
(IUD) do not leads to increase rate of infection.
for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2005) state that use of some forms of
contraceptive called the intrauterine device (IUD) contributed to an increase
rate of pelvic inflammatory disease, with subsequent scarring. However newer
(IUD) do not leads to increase rate of infection.
Razzak and Wais
(2012) defined primary infertility as the biological inability of a person to
contribute to conception to full term.
(2012) defined primary infertility as the biological inability of a person to
contribute to conception to full term.
Brinsden, Hartshorne,
Hirsh and Owen(2008) says that infertility is a disease, defined by the failure
to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months or more of appropriate timed
unprotected intercourse or the more therapeutic donor insemination.
Hirsh and Owen(2008) says that infertility is a disease, defined by the failure
to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months or more of appropriate timed
unprotected intercourse or the more therapeutic donor insemination.
Female infertility is
caused by many sources, these include cervical factor, ovulatory problem,
hormonal problem, failure to produce mature eggs, malfunction of the
hypothalamus, malfunction of the pituitary gland scarred ovaries, premature menopause,
follicle problem, etc. (WHO, 2008).
caused by many sources, these include cervical factor, ovulatory problem,
hormonal problem, failure to produce mature eggs, malfunction of the
hypothalamus, malfunction of the pituitary gland scarred ovaries, premature menopause,
follicle problem, etc. (WHO, 2008).
Male infertility is
caused by hormonal imbalances, physical problem, to psychological problem, low
sperm count, damage sperm ducts, tension, kinefeiter syndrome, retrograde
ejaculation, erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation, ejaculatory
incompence etc
caused by hormonal imbalances, physical problem, to psychological problem, low
sperm count, damage sperm ducts, tension, kinefeiter syndrome, retrograde
ejaculation, erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation, ejaculatory
incompence etc
Infertility can
further be broken down into primary and secondary infertility and sub-
infertility.
further be broken down into primary and secondary infertility and sub-
infertility.
Type of Infertility
The following according to WHO (2008) are the types
of infertility:
of infertility:
·
Primary Infertility: The woman has never conceived despite of exposure
to the possibility of pregnancy, and wish to become pregnant for at least 12
months.
Primary Infertility: The woman has never conceived despite of exposure
to the possibility of pregnancy, and wish to become pregnant for at least 12
months.
·
Secondary Infertility: The woman has previously conceive but is
subsequently unable to conceived despite and the wish to become pregnant for at
least 12 months.
Secondary Infertility: The woman has previously conceive but is
subsequently unable to conceived despite and the wish to become pregnant for at
least 12 months.
·
Sub- infertility: The woman is able to conceive but jointly because
both partner is able to conceive or but not
able to achieve life birth.
Sub- infertility: The woman is able to conceive but jointly because
both partner is able to conceive or but not
able to achieve life birth.
References
Brinsden, P., Hartshorne, G., Hirsh, A. and Owen,
E. (2008): Reproductive Medicine: From A
to Z. Oxford. UK: Oxford University Press.
E. (2008): Reproductive Medicine: From A
to Z. Oxford. UK: Oxford University Press.
Esimai, O.A., Orji, E.O. and Lasisi, A.R. (2009):
Male contribution to infertility in Nigeria. Niger Med 11(2):70-72.
Male contribution to infertility in Nigeria. Niger Med 11(2):70-72.
National Institute for Clinical Excellence
[NICE] (2005): Fertility: Assessment and treatment for people with fertility
problems, Clinical Guideline. London: RCOG Press.
[NICE] (2005): Fertility: Assessment and treatment for people with fertility
problems, Clinical Guideline. London: RCOG Press.
Razzak, A.H. and Wais, S.A. (2012): The
infertile couple: A cohort study in Duhok, Iraq. Est Mediterr Health J, 8(2-3):234-238.
infertile couple: A cohort study in Duhok, Iraq. Est Mediterr Health J, 8(2-3):234-238.
World Health Organization (2008): Report of the
Meeting on the Prevention of Infertility at the Primary Health Care Level. Geneva:
WHO
Meeting on the Prevention of Infertility at the Primary Health Care Level. Geneva:
WHO
