Parasites are among the
main public health problems around the world especially in tropical and
sub-tropical countries. The prevalence is the highest among the inhabitants in developing countries(Adamu et al., 2012).In this chapter relevant information
on the research works on fruits and
vegetables contaminated with parasites and other related information have been
cited.
main public health problems around the world especially in tropical and
sub-tropical countries. The prevalence is the highest among the inhabitants in developing countries(Adamu et al., 2012).In this chapter relevant information
on the research works on fruits and
vegetables contaminated with parasites and other related information have been
cited.
Experiment in Northern
Nigeria reported that the prevalence of parasitic infections in vegetables
varied from 3.5 to 68.8% in various regions and the prevalence of Ascaris eggs
was found 0.5%.(Adamu et al., 2012).
Nigeria reported that the prevalence of parasitic infections in vegetables
varied from 3.5 to 68.8% in various regions and the prevalence of Ascaris eggs
was found 0.5%.(Adamu et al., 2012).
Intestinal parasites were
detected in 31.7% of examined vegetable samples in Egypt. The eggs of the
parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides, Taxocera spp, Hymenolepsis nana, cysts of
Giardia spp, cysts of Cyptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. and Spores of
Microsporidium spp. (Said S.E.D, 2012).
detected in 31.7% of examined vegetable samples in Egypt. The eggs of the
parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides, Taxocera spp, Hymenolepsis nana, cysts of
Giardia spp, cysts of Cyptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp. and Spores of
Microsporidium spp. (Said S.E.D, 2012).
There were reports that the
egg of Ascaris spp and cyst of Giardia lambia were found in collected
vegetables in Tripoli, Libya. (Abougrain et
al., 2010).
egg of Ascaris spp and cyst of Giardia lambia were found in collected
vegetables in Tripoli, Libya. (Abougrain et
al., 2010).
In riverine communities of
Warri-North L.G.A. Delta State, Nigeria, 697 (77%) of school children were
infected with intestinal helminths. Tririchuris Trichuria infection occurred
more (57%) followed by Ascaris Lumbricoides (54%)and Hookworm (5%)while
multiple infection were recorded with Ascaris-Trichuris having highest among
children (Oyewole et al., 2007).
Warri-North L.G.A. Delta State, Nigeria, 697 (77%) of school children were
infected with intestinal helminths. Tririchuris Trichuria infection occurred
more (57%) followed by Ascaris Lumbricoides (54%)and Hookworm (5%)while
multiple infection were recorded with Ascaris-Trichuris having highest among
children (Oyewole et al., 2007).
A survey in Nepal reports
that the hygienic level of the consumers and the behavioural attitudes of
farmers in untreated human and animal dung as organic manure, use of irrigation
source which receives raw affluence from human or animal wastes had lead to the
transmission of zoonotic infection as vegetables harbour the parasites through
these sources (Shresha, 2010).
that the hygienic level of the consumers and the behavioural attitudes of
farmers in untreated human and animal dung as organic manure, use of irrigation
source which receives raw affluence from human or animal wastes had lead to the
transmission of zoonotic infection as vegetables harbour the parasites through
these sources (Shresha, 2010).
In Nigeria the
contaminations from rain splashes of contaminated soil during heavy rainfall
deposit contaminated soil surface on leaves of vegetable or fallen fruits .(Agbolade et al., 2008).
contaminations from rain splashes of contaminated soil during heavy rainfall
deposit contaminated soil surface on leaves of vegetable or fallen fruits .(Agbolade et al., 2008).
There was reported detection of A lumbricoides in16% of leafy
vegetable and also the prevalence of Ancylosto duodenale, Entamoeba coli, A.lumbricoides
and Blastocystis hominids in commonly used leafy vegetables in Abha, Saudi
Arabia.(Al-Binale et al., 2006).
vegetable and also the prevalence of Ancylosto duodenale, Entamoeba coli, A.lumbricoides
and Blastocystis hominids in commonly used leafy vegetables in Abha, Saudi
Arabia.(Al-Binale et al., 2006).
In 2005, 203 unwashed
samples of different vegetables in Turkey were examined and found contamination
with helminth egg in 5.9% of unwashed
samples but not in any washed samples(p<0.05).There were detection of parasites such as
Cryporidium spp., G.lambia, E. hystolytica, A. lumbricoides, Hookworms,
Enterobium vermicularis, T.trichiura, Toxocerca spp ,Hymenolepsis spp., Taenia
spp., Fasciola spp., and members of the family Trichostrongylidae. The research
concluded that these parasites could infect humans as aresult of consumption of
contaminated, uncooked or improperly washed vegetables. (Kozan et al.,
2005).
samples of different vegetables in Turkey were examined and found contamination
with helminth egg in 5.9% of unwashed
samples but not in any washed samples(p<0.05).There were detection of parasites such as
Cryporidium spp., G.lambia, E. hystolytica, A. lumbricoides, Hookworms,
Enterobium vermicularis, T.trichiura, Toxocerca spp ,Hymenolepsis spp., Taenia
spp., Fasciola spp., and members of the family Trichostrongylidae. The research
concluded that these parasites could infect humans as aresult of consumption of
contaminated, uncooked or improperly washed vegetables. (Kozan et al.,
2005).
There was no significant
difference in the frequency of parasites in vegetables before washing 97(66.04)
and after washing 65(33.97%) in Alexanderia. Vegetables washed in tape water
were associated with higher Fasciola spp. prevelance. (Sheshata, 2005).
difference in the frequency of parasites in vegetables before washing 97(66.04)
and after washing 65(33.97%) in Alexanderia. Vegetables washed in tape water
were associated with higher Fasciola spp. prevelance. (Sheshata, 2005).
The epidemiological
research results have medicated that areas of South–West in Nigeria are characterized
by endemic helminthic diseases in populates where untreated waste water is used
for irrigated fruits generally eaten unwashed and uncooked may lead to
parasitic infections (Damen et al., 2007).
research results have medicated that areas of South–West in Nigeria are characterized
by endemic helminthic diseases in populates where untreated waste water is used
for irrigated fruits generally eaten unwashed and uncooked may lead to
parasitic infections (Damen et al., 2007).
Faecal contamination of
water sources used in crop irrigation is the important source of human
infection, so the contaminations of fresh fruits are of greatest concern (Okwor,
2002).
water sources used in crop irrigation is the important source of human
infection, so the contaminations of fresh fruits are of greatest concern (Okwor,
2002).
Everybody rich and poor has
parasites. This is because human intestinal parasites such as worms or
intestinal helminths contaminate soils, food and water. The condition which
promote contamination of these sources include higher population densities
which makes cross-contamination easier increase level of soil and water contamination
as well as contamination of food supplies because of poor sanitary practices
and lifestyle as well as low economic condition. This conditions are common in
shady towns, slums, villages and in cities to where there is inadequate
provision of toilet in houses (Barber,2005).
parasites. This is because human intestinal parasites such as worms or
intestinal helminths contaminate soils, food and water. The condition which
promote contamination of these sources include higher population densities
which makes cross-contamination easier increase level of soil and water contamination
as well as contamination of food supplies because of poor sanitary practices
and lifestyle as well as low economic condition. This conditions are common in
shady towns, slums, villages and in cities to where there is inadequate
provision of toilet in houses (Barber,2005).
Rats Dogs and Cats spread
Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryposporium infectious agents(Acha and Szyfre, 2003).
Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryposporium infectious agents(Acha and Szyfre, 2003).
It has been proven that
food, animals and infected people under poor hygienic and sanitary practice could
also serve a source of transmission of parasitic infection and the use of wastewater irrigated vegetables was
another important contributory factor in addition to the faecal-oral route of
transmission of parasites.(Dillingham et
al., 2002).
food, animals and infected people under poor hygienic and sanitary practice could
also serve a source of transmission of parasitic infection and the use of wastewater irrigated vegetables was
another important contributory factor in addition to the faecal-oral route of
transmission of parasites.(Dillingham et
al., 2002).
Research in Ethiopia stated
that parasitic infections in human was ingestion of infective eggs from faecal
contaminated food or water (Hall, 2000).
that parasitic infections in human was ingestion of infective eggs from faecal
contaminated food or water (Hall, 2000).
