Europe
define violence against women as “all acts of gender-based violence that result
in or are likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological or economical
harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts coercion or
arbitrary derivation of
define violence against women as “all acts of gender-based violence that result
in or are likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological or economical
harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts coercion or
arbitrary derivation of
liberty, whether occurring in public or in private
life. It constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty,
security dignity, equality between women and men, non-discrimination and
physical and mental integration. In a short and simple form, it is violence
that is directed against person on the basis of gender. It is universally
present in many forms like wife battering, sexual assault and abuse, female
genital mutilation and rape, in war and peace time etc.
Types of GBV According
to Different Levels.
to Different Levels.
There
are different types of GBV which occurs at different levels like within the
family, community and state.
are different types of GBV which occurs at different levels like within the
family, community and state.
Home or Family:
Domestic
violence is the most prevalent form of gender-based violence. It typically
occurs when a man beats his female partner. Psychological abuse always
accompanies physical abuse and majority of women abuse by their partner are
abused many times. Physical, sexual and psychological violence against women
within a couple in the family includes:
violence is the most prevalent form of gender-based violence. It typically
occurs when a man beats his female partner. Psychological abuse always
accompanies physical abuse and majority of women abuse by their partner are
abused many times. Physical, sexual and psychological violence against women
within a couple in the family includes:
1.) Battering
2.) Sexual abuse
3.) FGM and other harmful traditional
practices to women
practices to women
4.) Marital rape
5.) Dowry-related violence,
6.)
Incest.
Incest.
7.) Non-spousal violence like a son’s
violence against his mother.
violence against his mother.
8.) Violence related to exploitation and
deprivation of freedom.
deprivation of freedom.
Community
Physical,
sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community
include:
sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community
include:
1.) Battering
2.) Rape
3.) Sexual assault
4.) Sexual harassment
5.) Intimidation in school work.
6.) Forced treatment and abusive medication.
7.) Exploitation and commercialization of women’s bodies which is related
to increased poverty that is mainly a result of unbridled economic liberalism.
to increased poverty that is mainly a result of unbridled economic liberalism.
8.) Contraception imposed on women by force or constraints
9.) Forced sterilization or Abortions.
10) Selective abortion of female foetuses and female infanticide.
State
1.) The social exclusion of women is so great that it constitute a
new form of apartheid
new form of apartheid
2.) Women are considered second class beings, of lesser values,
deprived of their fundamental right.
deprived of their fundamental right.
3.) Violence against women is also exercise as a weapon of war in
situation of armed conflict.
situation of armed conflict.
Commercial
Sexual Exploitation
Sexual Exploitation
In
today, most girls are made to prostitute under the guise of sex tourism.
today, most girls are made to prostitute under the guise of sex tourism.
Sex Tourism:
According to UNICEF It happens when rich men travel during the holidays from
the advanced countries of the world to places like Brazil the Dominican
Republic and Thailand etc to have sexual dealing with children of between 13
and 15years. In some part of the world it is refer to as where tourist
travelled and got to hotels where young girls served them nude just to satisfy
the sexual urge of the rich tourist example, the Northerners women used by
their husbands to entertain strangers.
According to UNICEF It happens when rich men travel during the holidays from
the advanced countries of the world to places like Brazil the Dominican
Republic and Thailand etc to have sexual dealing with children of between 13
and 15years. In some part of the world it is refer to as where tourist
travelled and got to hotels where young girls served them nude just to satisfy
the sexual urge of the rich tourist example, the Northerners women used by
their husbands to entertain strangers.
Rape:
Forcing anyone into sexual intercourse against her will is rape.
Forcing anyone into sexual intercourse against her will is rape.
Implication of GBV
1.) They are exposed to series of health risks including
respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and
drug addiction.
respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and
drug addiction.
2.) A victim of rape is social-economically and mentally affected.
3.) Lack of sexual gratification and depression, shock, pain,
infections, injuries of the adjacent tissue and organs urinary retention and
tetanus in FGM.
infections, injuries of the adjacent tissue and organs urinary retention and
tetanus in FGM.
Causes of GBV
1.) Stereotypical roles
2.) Poverty
3.) Financial insecurity
4.) A man intends to show his authority physically when he cannot
do it intellectually or economically.
do it intellectually or economically.
5.) Image created by the society which portray a man to be viewed
as being strong, educated, creative, and clever.
as being strong, educated, creative, and clever.
