According
to Erutase (2004) pesticides are in four major forms:
to Erutase (2004) pesticides are in four major forms:
i.
Powder form
ii.
Liquid form
iii.
Solid form
iv.
Solid-liquid form
Solid-liquid form
1.
Powder Form: Are ones for rodent control fungus disease insecticides
used for controlling ticks and mites and other insects examples is bedbug.
Powder Form: Are ones for rodent control fungus disease insecticides
used for controlling ticks and mites and other insects examples is bedbug.
2.
Liquid Form: Are purely used as insecticides, herbicides and fungicide
effect on pest depends on the recommend dosage under dosage generates
resistance in pest and over dosage result in wasting of the extra chemical
because only the recommended dosage is what is making it to act.
Liquid Form: Are purely used as insecticides, herbicides and fungicide
effect on pest depends on the recommend dosage under dosage generates
resistance in pest and over dosage result in wasting of the extra chemical
because only the recommended dosage is what is making it to act.
3.
Solid Form: Are purely used as rodenticides. They are applied in the form
of bate preparation and are active against rat. That is mixing the chemical
with food substance that is attractive to rats or that present a good aroma to
rats examples indoseed capsule that is mixed up in bread or fishing for killing
rats.
Solid Form: Are purely used as rodenticides. They are applied in the form
of bate preparation and are active against rat. That is mixing the chemical
with food substance that is attractive to rats or that present a good aroma to
rats examples indoseed capsule that is mixed up in bread or fishing for killing
rats.
4.
Solid-Liquid Form: Are suspension chemical used as insecticide,
herbicides and fungicides (Cletus, 2005).
Solid-Liquid Form: Are suspension chemical used as insecticide,
herbicides and fungicides (Cletus, 2005).
Group of pesticides according to their mode of action
Grouping
pesticides according to their mode of action is something of more practical
relevance to the farmers and pesticides applicators than the classification
base on an application technique (Erutase, 2004).
pesticides according to their mode of action is something of more practical
relevance to the farmers and pesticides applicators than the classification
base on an application technique (Erutase, 2004).
1)
By immediate known down contact
By immediate known down contact
In
this case, the insecticide is spray on the insect pest or organism when they
are already out in the field for their destructive activities and have the
power of knocking down the insect past immediately by its contact, with insect
and helps kill the insect immediately by its contact when apply example,
Aerosol Mobile, raid use of mosquito at home.
this case, the insecticide is spray on the insect pest or organism when they
are already out in the field for their destructive activities and have the
power of knocking down the insect past immediately by its contact, with insect
and helps kill the insect immediately by its contact when apply example,
Aerosol Mobile, raid use of mosquito at home.
2)
As a stomach poison
As a stomach poison
In
this the chemical is sprayer when the insect are at rest outside the field
work, one can spacey the chemical on time crops. The chemical is absorbed into
the plant system to have the chemical a resided consequence against the insect,
to that by the time they come out to feed on these crops already sprayed with
the chemical or when the sucking and piercing insect suck sap or fluids from
the plant they take in the chemical into their stomach by absorbing it. The
residual consequences of the chemical in the crop therefore kill the insects
systematically by stomach poison.
this the chemical is sprayer when the insect are at rest outside the field
work, one can spacey the chemical on time crops. The chemical is absorbed into
the plant system to have the chemical a resided consequence against the insect,
to that by the time they come out to feed on these crops already sprayed with
the chemical or when the sucking and piercing insect suck sap or fluids from
the plant they take in the chemical into their stomach by absorbing it. The
residual consequences of the chemical in the crop therefore kill the insects
systematically by stomach poison.
3)
Fumigant Consequences
Fumigant Consequences
The
fumigant consequences the case where au apartment is fumigated with an
insecticide, the wall of that apartment retain the chemical consequences and
form fins on the host (wall) surface. And so prevent on coming propagates or
insect pest from entering or perching on them because when the chemical touches
the pest it is capable of killing them or retarding its growth.
fumigant consequences the case where au apartment is fumigated with an
insecticide, the wall of that apartment retain the chemical consequences and
form fins on the host (wall) surface. And so prevent on coming propagates or
insect pest from entering or perching on them because when the chemical touches
the pest it is capable of killing them or retarding its growth.
Classification of Pesticide according to their chemical composition and
action in the instrument.
action in the instrument.
Oreyomi
(2001) stated that pesticides are classified into two, major classes according
to their composition. That is they are either organic or inorganic (Natural or
Artificial). The organic pesticides are those pesticides that are extracted
from plant. The inorganic pesticides are those pesticides that are derived by
artificial means. In this regard, pesticides are group into classes
(2001) stated that pesticides are classified into two, major classes according
to their composition. That is they are either organic or inorganic (Natural or
Artificial). The organic pesticides are those pesticides that are extracted
from plant. The inorganic pesticides are those pesticides that are derived by
artificial means. In this regard, pesticides are group into classes
i.
Organochlorine
ii.
Carbamates and
iii.
Organophosphorus pesticides
1)
Organochlorine
Organochlorine
These
are artificial compound mixed to kill the insect. And is made up of two or more
chemicals mainly chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form the compound.
They are synthetic they have residual consequences action. Organochlorine act
primarily on the central nervous system of the insect or pest by causing them to
convulse and consequently die. They were developed in Germany to replace
Nicotine during World War II.
are artificial compound mixed to kill the insect. And is made up of two or more
chemicals mainly chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form the compound.
They are synthetic they have residual consequences action. Organochlorine act
primarily on the central nervous system of the insect or pest by causing them to
convulse and consequently die. They were developed in Germany to replace
Nicotine during World War II.
According
to Hammond (2008) diedrin organochlorine pesticides is suspected to cause
serious chronic consequences. Diedrin persistence in the environment has led
scientists to study its long term health consequence. A substance with half
life of 182 days is considered persistence. Diedrin half life is 182 days and 7
years.
to Hammond (2008) diedrin organochlorine pesticides is suspected to cause
serious chronic consequences. Diedrin persistence in the environment has led
scientists to study its long term health consequence. A substance with half
life of 182 days is considered persistence. Diedrin half life is 182 days and 7
years.
DDT:
Chemical Name: Dichiorodipheny Trichiorethane: DDT, is a non specific organochlorine
insecticides with a wide variety of agricultural and public health uses.
Chemical Name: Dichiorodipheny Trichiorethane: DDT, is a non specific organochlorine
insecticides with a wide variety of agricultural and public health uses.
Action: DDT
is virtually non degradable in the environment and in living things. DDT accumulates
in food and in the body fat of animals. DDT Poisoning cause paralysis f the
tongue and lips and also causes tremors it has been demonstrated to cause
cancer in test animal and secure damage to liver and kidney. DDT is also found
in mother milk it contaminates ground water. It is also toxic to fish and birds
(Voluntary Health Association of India, 2000).
is virtually non degradable in the environment and in living things. DDT accumulates
in food and in the body fat of animals. DDT Poisoning cause paralysis f the
tongue and lips and also causes tremors it has been demonstrated to cause
cancer in test animal and secure damage to liver and kidney. DDT is also found
in mother milk it contaminates ground water. It is also toxic to fish and birds
(Voluntary Health Association of India, 2000).
2)
Carbamate
Carbamate
They
are also artificially gotten from combination of two or more compounds mainly
derive for Baygon and carbon they also have residual consequences and are more
consequently use in controlling all types of pest.
are also artificially gotten from combination of two or more compounds mainly
derive for Baygon and carbon they also have residual consequences and are more
consequently use in controlling all types of pest.
Action: A number of chronic consequences of exposure to
carbonate pesticide have been reported by Kelly to the responsible for lowered
sperm count, reduced fertility and lower haernoglobin.
carbonate pesticide have been reported by Kelly to the responsible for lowered
sperm count, reduced fertility and lower haernoglobin.
3. Organophosphates
Like
organochlorine, organophosphate is also made up of two or more chemical mainly
fluorine hydrogen and sulphur, they are artificial compound mixed to kill the
pest and are use consequently in controlling insect that are resistant to
organochlorine and have residual consequence. They are also called synthesis
pesticides because they are green, artificially.
organochlorine, organophosphate is also made up of two or more chemical mainly
fluorine hydrogen and sulphur, they are artificial compound mixed to kill the
pest and are use consequently in controlling insect that are resistant to
organochlorine and have residual consequence. They are also called synthesis
pesticides because they are green, artificially.
Action:
Well know organophosphates are predecessors have a relatively short half life
in the environment many of these products includes fungicides and herbicides as
well as insecticides but act on a very board spectrum. In other worlds they
kill non target species as well as target species. This characteristic has a
negative consequences on the food chain and on wild life habitats and
consequently there is an indirect impact on species that eat certain prey or
use them consequently by their function. They are cholinesterase inhibitors
meaning they kill by interfering with enzymes that is vital for nerve
transmission.
Well know organophosphates are predecessors have a relatively short half life
in the environment many of these products includes fungicides and herbicides as
well as insecticides but act on a very board spectrum. In other worlds they
kill non target species as well as target species. This characteristic has a
negative consequences on the food chain and on wild life habitats and
consequently there is an indirect impact on species that eat certain prey or
use them consequently by their function. They are cholinesterase inhibitors
meaning they kill by interfering with enzymes that is vital for nerve
transmission.
