Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is broadly defined
as an infection of the urinary system, and may involve the lower urinary tract
or both lower and upper urinary tracts (Sobel & Kaye, 2010). Urinary tract
infection is an infection caused by the presence of micro-organisms anywhere in
the urinary tract. It is perhaps the single most common infection of mankind (Ebie,
2001).
as an infection of the urinary system, and may involve the lower urinary tract
or both lower and upper urinary tracts (Sobel & Kaye, 2010). Urinary tract
infection is an infection caused by the presence of micro-organisms anywhere in
the urinary tract. It is perhaps the single most common infection of mankind (Ebie,
2001).
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial
infection commonly occurring during pregnancy (Williams, 2005). Urinary tract
infection is a very frequent and common pathology that can occur at any age.
Considering adulthood, 48% of women show at least one occurrence of UTI as well
as one occurrence of symptoms suggestive of bacterial cystitis which is a
frequent occurrence in the general practice setting. One in three women
develops a UTI during their lifetime compared to one in twenty men (Parveen, Momen,
Begum & Begum, 2011).
infection commonly occurring during pregnancy (Williams, 2005). Urinary tract
infection is a very frequent and common pathology that can occur at any age.
Considering adulthood, 48% of women show at least one occurrence of UTI as well
as one occurrence of symptoms suggestive of bacterial cystitis which is a
frequent occurrence in the general practice setting. One in three women
develops a UTI during their lifetime compared to one in twenty men (Parveen, Momen,
Begum & Begum, 2011).
Urinary tracts includes the organs that collect and
store urine and release it from the body which includes; kidneys, ureters,
bladder and urethra. UTIs are among the most common bacterial infection in
humans, both in the community and hospital settings and have been reported in
all age groups in both sexes. It has become the most common hospital acquired
infections, accounting for as many as 35% of nosocomial infections and it is
the second most common cause of bacteraemia in hospitalized patients (Stamm,
2002; Kolawole, 2009).
store urine and release it from the body which includes; kidneys, ureters,
bladder and urethra. UTIs are among the most common bacterial infection in
humans, both in the community and hospital settings and have been reported in
all age groups in both sexes. It has become the most common hospital acquired
infections, accounting for as many as 35% of nosocomial infections and it is
the second most common cause of bacteraemia in hospitalized patients (Stamm,
2002; Kolawole, 2009).
Male and female populations are exposed to urinary
tract infection both in developing and developed world. Women tend to have UTIs
more often than men because bacterial can reach the bladder more easily in
women due to short and wider female urethra and its proximity to anus. Bacteria
from the rectum can easily travel up the urethra and cause infections (AAFP,
2004; Kolawole, 2009; Ebie, 2001).
tract infection both in developing and developed world. Women tend to have UTIs
more often than men because bacterial can reach the bladder more easily in
women due to short and wider female urethra and its proximity to anus. Bacteria
from the rectum can easily travel up the urethra and cause infections (AAFP,
2004; Kolawole, 2009; Ebie, 2001).
Mechanical and hormonal changes increase the risk
of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary stasis. These changes along with an already
short urethra and difficulty with hygiene due to a distended pregnancy belly,
increase the frequency of urinary tract infection in pregnant women.
of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary stasis. These changes along with an already
short urethra and difficulty with hygiene due to a distended pregnancy belly,
increase the frequency of urinary tract infection in pregnant women.
Urine is one of the specimens frequently required
in urinary tract infection investigation or diagnosis. The problem associated
with urine specimen is the method of collection, transportation, procession and
interpretation of results obtained bearing in mind that the most common site of
UTIs is the bladder (cystitis) and the ureters and sometimes involves the
kidney if not treated or noticed on time. This malady leads to premature and
aberrant shedding of cells in the affected areas. Urine serves as a flushing
fluid that washes these areas thus when a urine sample is properly collected,
it present a lots of these etiologic particles in higher concentrations (Rylander
, 2010).
in urinary tract infection investigation or diagnosis. The problem associated
with urine specimen is the method of collection, transportation, procession and
interpretation of results obtained bearing in mind that the most common site of
UTIs is the bladder (cystitis) and the ureters and sometimes involves the
kidney if not treated or noticed on time. This malady leads to premature and
aberrant shedding of cells in the affected areas. Urine serves as a flushing
fluid that washes these areas thus when a urine sample is properly collected,
it present a lots of these etiologic particles in higher concentrations (Rylander
, 2010).