A system can be defined as a group of interrelated
or interacting element, forming a united whole.
or interacting element, forming a united whole.
Many example of system can be found in physical and
biological science. In modern technology and human society for instance one can
talk of the biological of the human body.
biological science. In modern technology and human society for instance one can
talk of the biological of the human body.
The human body system comprises of sub-system such
as digestive system, nervous and respiratory system. However, as computer
literate users, one needs to understand a more specific concept of a system
that one-line the design and the use of a computer as information i.e. a system
is a group of interrelated components working together towards a common goal by
accepting input and output in an organized transformation system.
as digestive system, nervous and respiratory system. However, as computer
literate users, one needs to understand a more specific concept of a system
that one-line the design and the use of a computer as information i.e. a system
is a group of interrelated components working together towards a common goal by
accepting input and output in an organized transformation system.
Components
of a system
of a system
These important concepts of a system have five basic
components. They are:
components. They are:
1.
In-put
In-put
2.
Processing
Processing
3.
Out-put
Out-put
4.
Feedback
Feedback
5.
Control.
Control.
Input
Input can be referred to as capturing and assembling
resources that enter the system for processing e.g. raw materials, energy &
data must be secured and organize processing in the manufacturing system.
resources that enter the system for processing e.g. raw materials, energy &
data must be secured and organize processing in the manufacturing system.
Processing
This is the overall activities that transform
in-put into out-put i.e. processing of input.
in-put into out-put i.e. processing of input.
Output
It could be referred to as the end result of processing.
It also includes transferring process resources to their ultimate destination
e.g. finished produce must moved out of the factories to warehouses and retail
stores.
It also includes transferring process resources to their ultimate destination
e.g. finished produce must moved out of the factories to warehouses and retail
stores.
Feedback
It is the data concerning the performance of a
system e.g. a car manufacturer collect data about how many cars were produce
and how many were sold. Similarly a health administrator may collect data about
how many patients have visit an hospital for a particular specified period or
how many patient have malaria or any other a condition for a particular
specified period.
system e.g. a car manufacturer collect data about how many cars were produce
and how many were sold. Similarly a health administrator may collect data about
how many patients have visit an hospital for a particular specified period or
how many patient have malaria or any other a condition for a particular
specified period.
Control
This is monitoring and evaluation feedback and
making adjustment to a system to help it reach its goals e.g. a car
manufacturer may evaluate car sales and then increases his TV advertisement to
help met his sales goals.
making adjustment to a system to help it reach its goals e.g. a car
manufacturer may evaluate car sales and then increases his TV advertisement to
help met his sales goals.
Sub-Systems
A system is an element of a system e.g. considering
the human body system. It of sub-system such as digestive system, excretory
system, respiratory in and reproductive system
the human body system. It of sub-system such as digestive system, excretory
system, respiratory in and reproductive system
Sub-system is a component of a system. It has the
following characteristics.
following characteristics.
a.
A system
can continue operation in the absence of any one of its sub-system
A system
can continue operation in the absence of any one of its sub-system
b.
Every
sub-system is logically independent of every other sub-system and no-two
systems have common elements.
Every
sub-system is logically independent of every other sub-system and no-two
systems have common elements.
A sub-system could consist of exactly one unit. A
unit is an element of a subsystem with the following characteristics.
unit is an element of a subsystem with the following characteristics.
a.
Every
unit is capable of being isolated from every other unit in the same subsystem
Every
unit is capable of being isolated from every other unit in the same subsystem
b.
No unit
is a part of more than one sub-system at any given time.
No unit
is a part of more than one sub-system at any given time.
System Boundary
This is the limit, the extent or the coverage area
of a system. it comprises of ink processing, output, feedback and control.
of a system. it comprises of ink processing, output, feedback and control.
Integrated Systems
Integrated system can be defined as a group of
system that are connected together to perform a variety of functions or
application. A system can also serve as an integrated system and this is a
situation whereby one system can perform more than one function or application
e.g. a system that can process word processing function, database managing
function and spreadsheets can be referred to as integrated system.
system that are connected together to perform a variety of functions or
application. A system can also serve as an integrated system and this is a
situation whereby one system can perform more than one function or application
e.g. a system that can process word processing function, database managing
function and spreadsheets can be referred to as integrated system.
