Background
In 1972, more than
200,000 Burundian refugees fled from the Hutu massacre into Tanzania and have
since lived in three designated settlements in western Tanzania, known as the
Old Settlements, for over 30 years.[1] Thi
s refugee population is distinct from
refugees who arrived later and were hosted in refugee camps in northwest
Tanzania. In 2007, the Government of Tanzania, in collaboration with UNHCR,
adopted the Comprehensive Durable Solutions Strategy for the 1972 Burundian
Refugees in Tanzania (TANCOSS). The TANCOSS is based on three pillars: assisted
voluntary repatriation; application for naturalization in Tanzania; and final
local integration of those accepted for naturalization. The first two pillars
resulted respectively in the repatriation of over 50,000 and the naturalization
of over 160,000 refugees. However, the government plans to relocate the newly
naturalized Tanzanians to various regions of the country and issue them with
certificates of citizenship run into roadblocks and resistance from host
communities. The plan was then put on hold in 2011. Despite this challenges,
the government of Tanzania remained committed to issue citizenship certificates
to the new citizens and by March 2015, 149,630 people had received Tanzanian
citizenship certificates. Efforts to issue more people with citizenship
certificates are currently ongoing in three settlements (Katumba, Mishamo and
Ulyankulu) in Katavi and Tabora Regions in western and central Tanzania, where
majority of the more than 162,000 new Tanzanian citizens reside. Presently, the
Government, with the support of UNHCR and the World Bank, is in final stages of
developing a Local Integration Strategy for the final integration of
approximately 200,000 naturalized former refugees.[2]
Despite the
recognized importance of this unique case of de jure integration in the East
African region, it remains paramount to continuously assess the extent to which
local integration has been achieved for the newly naturalized Tanzanians, in
comparison to the host communities, in order to identify gaps and areas of
prioritization for both government and other stakeholders including development
and humanitarian actors.
ReDSS seeks to
examine the conditions for durable solutions for displaced persons in East and
Horn of Africa, and to highlight the important roles and contributions of the
various sectors (humanitarian, development, human rights and peace-building) in
creating favourable conditions in the search for durable solutions. Affirming
that the three solutions (voluntary repatriation, local (re)integration or
resettlement elsewhere)[3] are processes, ReDSS
operationalized the IASC framework on durable solutions for IDPs to develop the
ReDSS Solutions framework for displacement affected communities. It comprises
the 8 IASC criteria using 30 IASC indicators organized around physical,
material and legal safety. The ReDSS framework is a rapid assessment tool that
offers a snapshot in time to assess to what extent durable solutions for
displaced populations have been achieved in a particular context.
A traffic light
system has been developed to assess the status of each indicator. The traffic
light provides a comparative assessment of conditions between the displaced and
the host community. The framework can be used as an analytical and programmatic
tool and as a joint monitoring and evaluation tool to support coordination and
identify gaps and needs of displacement affected communities. It provides
common overall outcomes (minimum skeleton) and then detailed activities based
on the result will be developed and adapted to the local context. The objective
is to improve and standardize the generation and availability of relevant data
and analysis to better and more consistently operationalize joint response plans
based on evidence in the search of durable solution in East Africa. The process
is guided by the 9 IASC principles[4].
Consultancy
objective
Regional Durable
Solutions Secretariat seeks to commission a consultant to conduct a detailed
study based on the ReDSS framework to assess the extent to which local
integration has been achieved by the newly naturalized Tanzanians. The study
will focus on the old Burundi caseload, both those that have been naturalized
and those in the process of naturalization, regardless of whether they have
been issued with Tanzanian citizenship certificates.
Specific
objectives
- Apply
the ReDSS framework to the context of local integration of the Burundi
refugee caseload of 1972 currently newly naturalized and settling in
Katumba, Mishamo and Ulyankulu settlements - adopt
the traffic light system as rating system for the indicators to show level
of achievement of local integration - Identify
strategies for advancing local integration as well as key actors to
advance programming or monitoring of key indicators - In the
above visualize differences between ‘de jure’ and ‘de facto’ local
integration situations - Identify
knowledge gaps and issues where research is needed to establish an
understanding or baseline
Methodology
The data collected
will be based on the ReDSSSolutions framework, looking at physical, material and legal safety of the
newly naturalized Tanzanians, in comparison to the host communities. Data should
be, to the extent of possible, disaggregated by age, gender, and other
potential diversity factors.
The methodology will
include:
(i) Desk review to
inform an analysis of solutions ‘drivers’ and ‘hinders’ (larger political
factors/will; participation of development actors, communities engagement
(including host), etc.).
(ii) Key informant
interviews with all relevant stakeholders operational in and around the
settlement areas in Katumba, Mishamo and Ulyankulu, including UNHCR, government
actors, development actors, INGOs, local NGOs and the affected communities
including host communities. This will include validation workshop with all
actors and focus group discussions as necessary.
See below some
suggested questions that will be further developed and refined by the
consultant while starting KIIs.
- What is
the current legal, political and socio-economic context around local
integration in Tanzania? - What
are the integration options, in the areas of settlement? What are the
risks and opportunities based on the options? (Absorption capacity,
existing refugee caseloads, access to services; security, employment and
livelihoods/ market analysis, urban/ rural, HLP, protection, education,
WASH…) - What is
the perception and engagement of host communities? - What is
the general integration status of the 1972 Burundi refugee caseload as
compared to newer caseloads? - What
can be learnt from the government naturalization process so far how to
ensure close coordination with ongoing initiatives that support local
integration? - How can
stakeholders’ best collectively support and invest in solutions planning
and programing at all level, including in urban areas? What are the
different roles and responsibilities of the different stakeholders?
Process
The process must be
viewed as a collective action in the search for durable solutions rather than
mandate driven – the common goal being to ensure full integration of the
naturalized ‘formerly Burundi refugees’. This will be based on a very
participatory and consensus building approach. The consultant will ensure a
people centered approach so data and evidence will be collected and analyzed
together with the newly naturalized and host communities.
2 Validation
workshops will be organized at regional and national levels with representatives
of both national and local authorities and partners to collectively agree on
gaps and priorities to support local integration.
Expected
deliverables
- Inception
report outlining the methodology, preliminary findings, study report
outline and assessment tool for the study; - 1st
draft of a 20-30 page narrative/report; - 2nd
draft of the narrative incorporating comments from ReDSS; - A
professionally edited Tanzania Solutions Framework focused on the newly
naturalized Burundi caseload - Key
Informants interview transcripts and analysis - 2
validation workshops (regional and national) - launch
of the report in Tanzania
Management
and timeframe
The consultant will
report to ReDSS Coordinator and be guided by a steering committee. The study
will be conducted in a period of 40 consultancy days.
DRCs
responsibilities
DRC will:
- Provide
relevant background information, and contact of relevant people - Provide
transportation of the consultant as mutually agreed between ReDSS and the
consultant - Provide
for accommodation and meals for the consultant in the field
Requirements
and qualifications
- An
advanced degree in Law, Social Sciences, Forced Migration or any other
related area of study - Minimum
7 years’ proven experience in conducting similar assignments - Demonstrable
experience related to forced migration and durable solutions - Proven
experience in similar assignments and in Somali - Good
understanding of legal and socio-economic dynamics in the Horn of Africa - Good
understanding of forced migration in East Africa - Excellent
analytical and reporting skills - Fluency
in written and spoken English
Terms and
conditions
The consultant must
be available to commence immediately and provide the final report within 40
days from the date of commencement. The consultant should adhere to the UNHCR
coordinated security guidelines. DRC does not guarantee security of the
consultant and will therefore not be liable for any eventuality. Nevertheless,
any relevant security updates will be shared with the consultant when necessary.
The consultant must abide by DRC security rules and directives
- The
consultant must complete work within the stipulated time frame - The
consultant must operate within the budget allocated. - The
consultant must adhere to and sign DRC’s Code of Conduct
General
Commitments: DRC has
a Humanitarian Accountability Framework, outlining its global accountability
commitments. All staff are required to contribute to the achievement of this
framework. For general information about the Danish Refugee Council, please
visit www.drc.dk.
Interested parties
should forward the technical proposal, budget and work plan, on this link: http://www.drc.dk under vacancies no later than 14th December
2016.
If you have
questions or are facing problems with the online application process, please
contact job@drc.dk
[1] UNHCR Global
appeal update 2011 http://www.unhcr.org/4cd926ea9.pdf
[2] http://www.fmreview.org/solutions/kuch.html
[3] Page 8 of IASC
Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons specifically
notes “…a long-term process of gradually diminishing displacement-specific
needs, while ensuring that IDPs enjoy their rights without discrimination
related to their displacement” and that ”a solution may become durable only
years, or even decades, after the physical movement to the place of origin or
place of Settlement has taken place, or the decision to locally integrate has
been made.”
[4] Government
responsibility/ Access for humanitarian and development initiatives and
monitoring/ People’s rights, needs and interests are the primary concern/ Displacement
affected communities’ Information, consultation and participation/ Respect for
displaced communities’ options/ Prohibition of coercion/ Non-discrimination/
Support for host communities/ Continued protection.
Application
Process
Interested
applicants who meet the required profile and methodology are invited to submit
an expression of interest including:
i. A suitability
statement including CV of participating consultants with details of
qualifications and experience.
ii. Technical proposal
that summarizes understanding of the TOR, methodology and tools to be used.
iii. Work-plan
clearly indicating the activity schedule.
iv. Financial
proposal providing cost estimates and consultancy fees.
v. Contacts of three
organizations that have recently contracted you to carry out similar
assignment.
Interested parties
should forward the technical proposal, budget and work plan, on this link: http://www.drc.dk under vacancies no later than 14th December
2016.
If you have
questions or are facing problems with the online application process, please
contact job@drc.dk