Introduction
What is Nutrition?
According to American Journal of
clinical nutrition, (2011). Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in
food and utilizes it. Adequate nutrition promotes good health.
clinical nutrition, (2011). Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in
food and utilizes it. Adequate nutrition promotes good health.
Nutrition
in Mothers
in Mothers
Adequate nutrition is needed
especially in child bearing aged when they are pregnant or breast feeding,
because they need extra food to stay healthy to have healthy babies, and to do
their daily work effectively.
especially in child bearing aged when they are pregnant or breast feeding,
because they need extra food to stay healthy to have healthy babies, and to do
their daily work effectively.
Nutrition in Child/Adolescent
Children
are the leaders of tomorrow and as such adequate nutrition is needed for
healthy growth and to make their immune system to be active starting from zero
to six months old, for exclusive breast feeding one year and above the six
classes of food should be administer. If a child is malnourished during the
first 2 years of life, the child’s physical and mental growth and development
may be showed. This cannot be made up when the child is older; it will affect
the child for the rest of his or her life.
are the leaders of tomorrow and as such adequate nutrition is needed for
healthy growth and to make their immune system to be active starting from zero
to six months old, for exclusive breast feeding one year and above the six
classes of food should be administer. If a child is malnourished during the
first 2 years of life, the child’s physical and mental growth and development
may be showed. This cannot be made up when the child is older; it will affect
the child for the rest of his or her life.
Nutrition in Aged
The elderly people often lose their
teeth and their taste for food may also diminish because of their weakness of
their body organs and tissues, for this they cannot eat mush at one time,
though they need to eat well to stay healthy.
teeth and their taste for food may also diminish because of their weakness of
their body organs and tissues, for this they cannot eat mush at one time,
though they need to eat well to stay healthy.
Who
is a Mother?
is a Mother?
A mother is a person who has raised
a child given birth to a child or supplied the egg which is in union with a
sperm grew into a child.
a child given birth to a child or supplied the egg which is in union with a
sperm grew into a child.
Nutritional
Requirement for Mothers
Requirement for Mothers
According
to Duyff R.L Mother Diet should be well balance and nutrition. In addition to
the supplement, the mother should consume increased quantities of Vegetable, Fruits,
Meat, Fish-protein, Egg, Milk, Grains, Water, Juice, tea.
to Duyff R.L Mother Diet should be well balance and nutrition. In addition to
the supplement, the mother should consume increased quantities of Vegetable, Fruits,
Meat, Fish-protein, Egg, Milk, Grains, Water, Juice, tea.
Note: Exercise is very important. Walking
moderate swimming can help to improve circulation and minimize mains discomforts
pregnancy such as lower back pain and swelling of the less, and mothers should
be usually given nutrition supplement such as B complex, iron and folic acid
and mother are instructed on personal hygiene etc.
moderate swimming can help to improve circulation and minimize mains discomforts
pregnancy such as lower back pain and swelling of the less, and mothers should
be usually given nutrition supplement such as B complex, iron and folic acid
and mother are instructed on personal hygiene etc.
Note: Poor
nutrition during pregnancy causes weakness and anemia in the mother and
increases the risk of her dying during or after child birth. It is also a cause
of miscarriage or the body been soon dead.
nutrition during pregnancy causes weakness and anemia in the mother and
increases the risk of her dying during or after child birth. It is also a cause
of miscarriage or the body been soon dead.
Effect
of Poor Nutrition in Mothers
of Poor Nutrition in Mothers
According to Duyff R.L some of the effects
are;
are;
a.
Weakness and tiredness
Weakness and tiredness
b.
Loss of appetite
Loss of appetite
c.
Anemia
Anemia
d.
Lack of energy
Lack of energy
e.
Heat disease
Heat disease
f.
Obesity
Obesity
g.
High blood pressure
High blood pressure
h.
Cancer
Cancer
How
to Prevent Poor Nutrition in Mother
to Prevent Poor Nutrition in Mother
According to Beaton
G.H and Bengoa J.M (2001). Prevention of poor nutrition are;
G.H and Bengoa J.M (2001). Prevention of poor nutrition are;
a.
Eat plenty of good food
Eat plenty of good food
b.
Eat food that provide enough energy
to keep us active and strong
Eat food that provide enough energy
to keep us active and strong
c.
Eat a combination of food every
day
Eat a combination of food every
day
Important
Top Tips
Top Tips
(1)
Don’t eat too much protein
Don’t eat too much protein
(2)
Make sure you get enough iron
Make sure you get enough iron
(3)
Don’t take alcohol and caffeine
Don’t take alcohol and caffeine
Nutritional
Requirement for Child/Adolescent
Requirement for Child/Adolescent
According
to Duyff R.L 2001 states that Children need a wide range of nutritious foods
with high intake of protein, vitamins, mineral and calcium. If a child intake
of good food is poor, this may lead to retarded growth i.e. decrease in height
or loss of weight.
to Duyff R.L 2001 states that Children need a wide range of nutritious foods
with high intake of protein, vitamins, mineral and calcium. If a child intake
of good food is poor, this may lead to retarded growth i.e. decrease in height
or loss of weight.
According to kenworthy E.M., the
main functions of protein are to promote growth, repair and build up the body.
It is an essential food for children and adolescent because it also helps in
resistance of the body against disease. We have two class of protein, these are
main functions of protein are to promote growth, repair and build up the body.
It is an essential food for children and adolescent because it also helps in
resistance of the body against disease. We have two class of protein, these are
1.
First
class protein: These are proteinous food which
contains all the essential amino acid in the correct proportions. They are
derived almost entirely from animal source e.g. meat, fish, egg, chicken, milk,
snails, and soya bean.
First
class protein: These are proteinous food which
contains all the essential amino acid in the correct proportions. They are
derived almost entirely from animal source e.g. meat, fish, egg, chicken, milk,
snails, and soya bean.
The
protein albumen in egg and casein in milk contain all the essential amino acid
in good proportion and are nutritionally superior.
protein albumen in egg and casein in milk contain all the essential amino acid
in good proportion and are nutritionally superior.
2. Second class protein: They are also
called because they do not contain all the essential amino acid in the correct
proportion; they are mainly of vegetable origin e.g maize, wheat, beans.
called because they do not contain all the essential amino acid in the correct
proportion; they are mainly of vegetable origin e.g maize, wheat, beans.
Vitamins: Vitamins
are substance which are essential to growth and health, if there are absent
from diet, ill health will follow. Most important are Vitamin A which help to promote
good eye sight (vision) also help to maintain normal skin.
are substance which are essential to growth and health, if there are absent
from diet, ill health will follow. Most important are Vitamin A which help to promote
good eye sight (vision) also help to maintain normal skin.
Sources of Vitamin A:
liver, egg, mango, pea, milk, fish, carrot, butter and pumpkin.
liver, egg, mango, pea, milk, fish, carrot, butter and pumpkin.
Vitamin D:
it is necessary for the development of healthy bones and teeth. (2) It is
required for the absorption of calcium. Source includes fish, meat, butter and
fish.
it is necessary for the development of healthy bones and teeth. (2) It is
required for the absorption of calcium. Source includes fish, meat, butter and
fish.
Vitamin B: It
gives good appetite, help not to get tired quickly and prevent neuritis.
Neuritis is an illness of the nerves also beriberi. Sources of vitamin B
include Liver, kidney, beef, milk
etc.
gives good appetite, help not to get tired quickly and prevent neuritis.
Neuritis is an illness of the nerves also beriberi. Sources of vitamin B
include Liver, kidney, beef, milk
etc.
Why
is Nutrition so Important in Child/ Adolescent
is Nutrition so Important in Child/ Adolescent
According
to Seton, 1977 stated that Infant and children are more likely to suffer from
poor nutrition than adult; there are number of reason for this.
to Seton, 1977 stated that Infant and children are more likely to suffer from
poor nutrition than adult; there are number of reason for this.
(1)
Low nutrition store: Newborn infants
have low stores of fat and protein. The smaller a child, the less reserves of
energy they have. This means that they can only cope with starvation for
shortened period of time
Low nutrition store: Newborn infants
have low stores of fat and protein. The smaller a child, the less reserves of
energy they have. This means that they can only cope with starvation for
shortened period of time
(2)
High nutritional demand for growth:
The amount of nutrition children requires is great during infancy. This is
because of their rapid grow the daring this period.
High nutritional demand for growth:
The amount of nutrition children requires is great during infancy. This is
because of their rapid grow the daring this period.
When
child is 4 months old 30% of their nutrition intake is used for growth by the
age of 1 year this falls to 55%
child is 4 months old 30% of their nutrition intake is used for growth by the
age of 1 year this falls to 55%
(3)
Rapid development in the nervous system:
A child brain grows and also daring the last four months of pregnancy and also
daring the first two years of life. The connections between the nerves calls in
the bran are being formed during this time good nutrition is important to
ensure that this occurs properly.
Rapid development in the nervous system:
A child brain grows and also daring the last four months of pregnancy and also
daring the first two years of life. The connections between the nerves calls in
the bran are being formed during this time good nutrition is important to
ensure that this occurs properly.
Clinical Sign of Malnutrition: Kwashiorkor,
Dry eyes (pale conjunctiva), born deformity, Wrinkle skin, Angular steatites, Thin
and soft nails.
Dry eyes (pale conjunctiva), born deformity, Wrinkle skin, Angular steatites, Thin
and soft nails.
Nutrition in Aged
South
Australian Health (S.A.) 2012. The elderly people often lose their teeth and
their taste for food may also diminish because of their weakness of their body
organs and tissues, for this they cannot eat mush at one time, though they need
to eat well to stay healthy. The aged should eat foods that are highly in
nutrients from the five groups.
Australian Health (S.A.) 2012. The elderly people often lose their teeth and
their taste for food may also diminish because of their weakness of their body
organs and tissues, for this they cannot eat mush at one time, though they need
to eat well to stay healthy. The aged should eat foods that are highly in
nutrients from the five groups.
1.
Plenty of vegetables, legumes (e.g
baked beans, kidney beans and chicken peas) and fruits.
Plenty of vegetables, legumes (e.g
baked beans, kidney beans and chicken peas) and fruits.
2.
Plenty of cereals, including breads,
rice, pasta and noodles-preferably whole grain.
Plenty of cereals, including breads,
rice, pasta and noodles-preferably whole grain.
3.
Lean meat, poultry etc.
Lean meat, poultry etc.
4.
Milk, yoghurt, cheese.
Milk, yoghurt, cheese.
Choose
low-fat variety where possible and foods such as chocolates, soft drinks and
cakes do not fit into the food groups. These are not needed for our bodies and
should only be eaten every now-and then or in small amounts.
low-fat variety where possible and foods such as chocolates, soft drinks and
cakes do not fit into the food groups. These are not needed for our bodies and
should only be eaten every now-and then or in small amounts.
As
we get older, we often don’t feel thirsty even when our body wants fluid. We
need to take regular drinks which can include water and other drinks such as
soda water, fruit-juice and milk. Small amount of tea and coffee can also be
included.
we get older, we often don’t feel thirsty even when our body wants fluid. We
need to take regular drinks which can include water and other drinks such as
soda water, fruit-juice and milk. Small amount of tea and coffee can also be
included.
Choose
foods that are high in fibre, such as fruits, vegetables legumes and whole
grain, varieties of bread and cereals to encourage good bowel health. Be sure
to eat protein rich foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, soya beans and
nuts. Our need for protein increases when we reach our 70s.
foods that are high in fibre, such as fruits, vegetables legumes and whole
grain, varieties of bread and cereals to encourage good bowel health. Be sure
to eat protein rich foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, soya beans and
nuts. Our need for protein increases when we reach our 70s.
Protein
in the diet helps heal wounds, which can be important as older often undergo
more injuries and surgeries. Foods high in calcium such as two fat milk cheeses,
custard and yoghurt helps to prevent or slow down progression of osteoporosis,
calcium-enriched soy milk and fish with soft, edible bones such as canned
salmon or sardines are also good sources of calcium. Foods rich in vitamin D is
also important in bone health for older adults (aged). We mainly get vitamin D
from sunlight and smaller amounts from food including;
in the diet helps heal wounds, which can be important as older often undergo
more injuries and surgeries. Foods high in calcium such as two fat milk cheeses,
custard and yoghurt helps to prevent or slow down progression of osteoporosis,
calcium-enriched soy milk and fish with soft, edible bones such as canned
salmon or sardines are also good sources of calcium. Foods rich in vitamin D is
also important in bone health for older adults (aged). We mainly get vitamin D
from sunlight and smaller amounts from food including;
·
Margarine
Margarine
·
Dairy products
Dairy products
·
Oily fish
Oily fish
·
Cheese
Cheese
·
Eggs
Eggs
Saturated
fats should be limited and you should keep eye on your total fat intake. Limit
the use of salt and choose foods that are low in salt. As the years goes by,
sadly our sense of taste can decrease. But rather than adding salt, have a look
at other ways to add flavor to foods such as with spices or fresh herbs.
fats should be limited and you should keep eye on your total fat intake. Limit
the use of salt and choose foods that are low in salt. As the years goes by,
sadly our sense of taste can decrease. But rather than adding salt, have a look
at other ways to add flavor to foods such as with spices or fresh herbs.
Summary
In
all, nutrition habit should not exceed, if this happens, such as eating too
many calories, which is a major contributing factor to obesity that is fatness,
diabetes and heart diseases, which affect human health.
all, nutrition habit should not exceed, if this happens, such as eating too
many calories, which is a major contributing factor to obesity that is fatness,
diabetes and heart diseases, which affect human health.
According
to Gordon .M. Wardlaw, these disorder account for two-third of all death in
North America, but to it still happening in Nigeria.
to Gordon .M. Wardlaw, these disorder account for two-third of all death in
North America, but to it still happening in Nigeria.
