The most serious fatal transfusion reactions are
caused by transfusing ABO incompatible blood due to patient misidentification.
Hence the role of ABO blood grouping cannot be over-emphasized. Incompatibility
is due to immunoglobin M anti-A and anti-B antibodies in a patent serum
reacting with antigen A and or antigen B on transfused red cells causing intravascular
haemoglobin anaemia and jaundice.
caused by transfusing ABO incompatible blood due to patient misidentification.
Hence the role of ABO blood grouping cannot be over-emphasized. Incompatibility
is due to immunoglobin M anti-A and anti-B antibodies in a patent serum
reacting with antigen A and or antigen B on transfused red cells causing intravascular
haemoglobin anaemia and jaundice.
ABO haemolytic transfusion reaction may be fatal
with patients dying from bleeding, renal failure and shock. Hence it is
important to determine a patient’s blood type prior to transfusion. ABO blood
grouping helps us to achieve this purpose.
with patients dying from bleeding, renal failure and shock. Hence it is
important to determine a patient’s blood type prior to transfusion. ABO blood
grouping helps us to achieve this purpose.
For a blood donor and recipient to be ABO
compatible for a transfusion, the recipient most not be able to produce anti-A
or anti-B antibodies that corresponds to the A or B antigens in the surface of
the donor’s red cell (since the red cells are isolated from the whole blood before
transfusion, it is important to detect if the donor’s blood has antibodies in
its plasma. If the antibodies of the recipient’s blood and antigens in the
donor’s red blood cell do correspond, the donor’s blood is rejected.
compatible for a transfusion, the recipient most not be able to produce anti-A
or anti-B antibodies that corresponds to the A or B antigens in the surface of
the donor’s red cell (since the red cells are isolated from the whole blood before
transfusion, it is important to detect if the donor’s blood has antibodies in
its plasma. If the antibodies of the recipient’s blood and antigens in the
donor’s red blood cell do correspond, the donor’s blood is rejected.
In addition to the ABO system, the rhesus system
can affect transfusion compatibility. An individual is either positive or
negative for Rh factor. This is denoted by a (+) or (-) after their ABO type.
Blood that is Rh negative can be transfused into a person who is Rh positive.
But an Rh negative cannot receive from Rh positive.
can affect transfusion compatibility. An individual is either positive or
negative for Rh factor. This is denoted by a (+) or (-) after their ABO type.
Blood that is Rh negative can be transfused into a person who is Rh positive.
But an Rh negative cannot receive from Rh positive.
Because of this, the AB+ blood type is referred to
as the universal recipient as it possesses neither anti-B nor anti-A antibodies
in its plasma and can receive both Rh positive and Rh negative blood.
Similarly, O – blood type is called the universal donor since its
red cells have neither A nor B antigens (Fareed and Hussain, 2014).
as the universal recipient as it possesses neither anti-B nor anti-A antibodies
in its plasma and can receive both Rh positive and Rh negative blood.
Similarly, O – blood type is called the universal donor since its
red cells have neither A nor B antigens (Fareed and Hussain, 2014).
