Brief History of International Organisation for
Standardization (ISO)
Standardization (ISO)
The
International Standard Organisation (ISO) was founded in October 1946 under the
initiative of International Organization for Standardization (ISA) and United
Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) this come into being through a
meeting of delegates of ISA and UNSCC from 25 countries which was held London.
The two organisations agreed to join forces to create an international
regulatory body to oversee standard and qualities of good and services.
International Standard Organisation (ISO) was founded in October 1946 under the
initiative of International Organization for Standardization (ISA) and United
Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) this come into being through a
meeting of delegates of ISA and UNSCC from 25 countries which was held London.
The two organisations agreed to join forces to create an international
regulatory body to oversee standard and qualities of good and services.
The
name, “ISO” is a Greek word “isos” meaning
“equal”. (The relation to standards is that if two objects meet the
same standard, they should be equal.) This name eliminates any confusion that
could result from the translation of “International Organization For
Standardization” into different languages which would lead to different
acronyms. ISO officially began
operations in February 1947.
name, “ISO” is a Greek word “isos” meaning
“equal”. (The relation to standards is that if two objects meet the
same standard, they should be equal.) This name eliminates any confusion that
could result from the translation of “International Organization For
Standardization” into different languages which would lead to different
acronyms. ISO officially began
operations in February 1947.
Founder of ISO
National
Standardizing Associations (ISA) and United Nations Standards Coordinating
Committee (UNSCC) delegates
Standardizing Associations (ISA) and United Nations Standards Coordinating
Committee (UNSCC) delegates
Number of Countries involved in ISO
163
countries
countries
Number of ISO we have
19 500
International Standards
International Standards
Brief Write up on ISO/TR 22221:2006
ISO/TR
22221:2006 is referred to as health informatics ISO standard responsible for good
principles and practices for a clinical data warehouse.
Scope of ISO/TR 22221:2006
The
focus of this Technical Report is clinical databases or other computational
services, hereafter referred to as a clinical data warehouse (CDW), which
maintain or access clinical data for secondary use purposes. The goal is to
define principles and practices in the creation, use, maintenance and
protection of a CDW, including meeting ethical and data protection requirements
and recommendations for policies for information governance and security. A
distinction is made between a CDW and an operational data repository part of a
health information system: the latter may have some functionalities for
secondary use of data, including furnishing statistics for regular reporting,
but without the overall analytical capacity of a CDW.
focus of this Technical Report is clinical databases or other computational
services, hereafter referred to as a clinical data warehouse (CDW), which
maintain or access clinical data for secondary use purposes. The goal is to
define principles and practices in the creation, use, maintenance and
protection of a CDW, including meeting ethical and data protection requirements
and recommendations for policies for information governance and security. A
distinction is made between a CDW and an operational data repository part of a
health information system: the latter may have some functionalities for
secondary use of data, including furnishing statistics for regular reporting,
but without the overall analytical capacity of a CDW.
This
Technical Report complements and references standards for electronic health
records (EHR), such as ISO/TS 18308, and contemporary security standards
in development. This Technical Report addresses the secondary use of EHR and
other health-related and organizational data from analytical and population
perspectives, including quality assurance, epidemiology and data mining. Such
data, in physical or logical format, have increasing use for health services,
public health and technology evaluation, knowledge discovery and education.
Technical Report complements and references standards for electronic health
records (EHR), such as ISO/TS 18308, and contemporary security standards
in development. This Technical Report addresses the secondary use of EHR and
other health-related and organizational data from analytical and population
perspectives, including quality assurance, epidemiology and data mining. Such
data, in physical or logical format, have increasing use for health services,
public health and technology evaluation, knowledge discovery and education.
This
Technical Report describes the principles and practices for a CDW, in
particular its creation and use, security considerations, and methodological
and technological aspects that are relevant to the effectiveness of a clinical
data warehouse. Security issues are extended with respect to the EHR in a
population-based application, affecting the care recipient, the caregiver, the
responsible organizations and third parties who have defined access. This
Technical Report is not intended to be prescriptive either from a
methodological or a technological perspective, but rather to provide a
coherent, inclusive description of principles and practices that could
facilitate the formulation of CDW policies and governance practices locally or
nationally.
Technical Report describes the principles and practices for a CDW, in
particular its creation and use, security considerations, and methodological
and technological aspects that are relevant to the effectiveness of a clinical
data warehouse. Security issues are extended with respect to the EHR in a
population-based application, affecting the care recipient, the caregiver, the
responsible organizations and third parties who have defined access. This
Technical Report is not intended to be prescriptive either from a
methodological or a technological perspective, but rather to provide a
coherent, inclusive description of principles and practices that could
facilitate the formulation of CDW policies and governance practices locally or
nationally.
The Objectives of ISO/TR 22221:2006
The
purpose of this Technical Report is to enable the different CDW users to have a
uniform understanding of a CDW, including both general principles and
particular characteristics of different major use perspectives. The major
objectives include:
purpose of this Technical Report is to enable the different CDW users to have a
uniform understanding of a CDW, including both general principles and
particular characteristics of different major use perspectives. The major
objectives include:
·
quality assurance,
quality assurance,
·
feedback to individuals and
teams of caregivers,
feedback to individuals and
teams of caregivers,
·
infectious disease or
medication surveillance, and
infectious disease or
medication surveillance, and
·
evaluation of
organizational continuity as patients move between organizations.
evaluation of
organizational continuity as patients move between organizations.
Professionals that make used of ISO/TR 22221:2006
Target users include all
stakeholders in the health system, public and private, including (but not
limited to):
stakeholders in the health system, public and private, including (but not
limited to):
·
clinicians and
para-clinical personnel,
clinicians and
para-clinical personnel,
·
administrators,
administrators,
·
educators,
educators,
·
epidemiologists,
epidemiologists,
·
economists,
economists,
·
researchers,
researchers,
·
system developers,
system developers,
·
data and modelling
specialists,
data and modelling
specialists,
·
accreditation
organizations,
accreditation
organizations,
·
citizen organizations, and
citizen organizations, and
·
policy makers.
policy makers.