Primary
health care components as stated by Alma Ata Declaration that mental health and
dental health care included bringing the components of primary health care to ten
(10) depending on the country, the components may be more as time goes on, but
presently Nigeria is working with the under-listed ten (10) components.
health care components as stated by Alma Ata Declaration that mental health and
dental health care included bringing the components of primary health care to ten
(10) depending on the country, the components may be more as time goes on, but
presently Nigeria is working with the under-listed ten (10) components.
1.
Education concerning prevailing health problems and
the methods of preventing and controlling them: Health Education becomes an organic instrument
empowering the community on specific health issues. ‘I community health worker
should be prepared to carry health promotion, counselling and screening for
preventable diseases in the community. The following areas of immunization
treatment of simple health problems, prevention and management of STD and
HIV/AIDS, promotion of environmental sanitation and others must be emphasized.
Health Education assist community members become aware of their problems; do
what they can, individually and collectively, to prevent and control prevailing
health problems and seek prompt as well as utilize appropriate health services.
Thus, good health habits are imbibed toward positive health behaviour.
Education concerning prevailing health problems and
the methods of preventing and controlling them: Health Education becomes an organic instrument
empowering the community on specific health issues. ‘I community health worker
should be prepared to carry health promotion, counselling and screening for
preventable diseases in the community. The following areas of immunization
treatment of simple health problems, prevention and management of STD and
HIV/AIDS, promotion of environmental sanitation and others must be emphasized.
Health Education assist community members become aware of their problems; do
what they can, individually and collectively, to prevent and control prevailing
health problems and seek prompt as well as utilize appropriate health services.
Thus, good health habits are imbibed toward positive health behaviour.
2. Promotion
of adequate food supply and proper nutrition: The ability to diagnose, manage and prevent malnutritional problems is
a key issue in this component. This approach will prevent severe malnutrition
in pregnant and lactating mothers as well as reduce the prevalence of
underweight and malnutrition among children, the elderly and other vulnerable
groups in the community. Food is one of the most basic needs of human
requirements. Nutrition is the sum of the processes involved in eating the
food, digesting, absorbing and using it for maintenance of normal physical
growth, development and body repairs. Nutritional status refers to the state of
health of the individual as determined by the food he eats. This component is
to assist community members, promote food supply, food hygiene and proper
feeding habits, support supplementary food programmes and offer rehabilitative
services to malnourished persons. Efforts must be made to ensure that people
have access to balanced diet. It is in recognition of the important role of
food and nutrition to the overall health and well being of individuals and
population that the promotion of adequate food supply and proper nutrition has
been made one of the key elements of primary health care.
of adequate food supply and proper nutrition: The ability to diagnose, manage and prevent malnutritional problems is
a key issue in this component. This approach will prevent severe malnutrition
in pregnant and lactating mothers as well as reduce the prevalence of
underweight and malnutrition among children, the elderly and other vulnerable
groups in the community. Food is one of the most basic needs of human
requirements. Nutrition is the sum of the processes involved in eating the
food, digesting, absorbing and using it for maintenance of normal physical
growth, development and body repairs. Nutritional status refers to the state of
health of the individual as determined by the food he eats. This component is
to assist community members, promote food supply, food hygiene and proper
feeding habits, support supplementary food programmes and offer rehabilitative
services to malnourished persons. Efforts must be made to ensure that people
have access to balanced diet. It is in recognition of the important role of
food and nutrition to the overall health and well being of individuals and
population that the promotion of adequate food supply and proper nutrition has
been made one of the key elements of primary health care.
3. Provision
of adequate supply of water and bas sanitation: Water is essential for life and basic necessity of
life. It constitutes a major percentage of fluids in the body and helps in
transportation of nutrients and cells various parts of the body. Major health
problems are preventable diseases associated with consumption a unwholesome
water and lack of proper environments sanitation. These contribute sgnificant1y
to high infant mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) and to poor quality of
life. If water is provided adequately in quantity and quality, 90% of communicable
diseases can prevented. The essence is to provide adequate water poi for safe
drinking, monitoring of water quality, protection water sources, and promotion
of personal an environmental hygiene. An adequate supply of safe water and
basic sanitation is to promote personal hygiene and basic sanitation and
provide s well as protect water sources and containers from contamination.
Water is important because of waterborne diseases and the environment need to
be kept dirty to avoid nuisance.
of adequate supply of water and bas sanitation: Water is essential for life and basic necessity of
life. It constitutes a major percentage of fluids in the body and helps in
transportation of nutrients and cells various parts of the body. Major health
problems are preventable diseases associated with consumption a unwholesome
water and lack of proper environments sanitation. These contribute sgnificant1y
to high infant mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) and to poor quality of
life. If water is provided adequately in quantity and quality, 90% of communicable
diseases can prevented. The essence is to provide adequate water poi for safe
drinking, monitoring of water quality, protection water sources, and promotion
of personal an environmental hygiene. An adequate supply of safe water and
basic sanitation is to promote personal hygiene and basic sanitation and
provide s well as protect water sources and containers from contamination.
Water is important because of waterborne diseases and the environment need to
be kept dirty to avoid nuisance.
4. Maternal
and child health including family planning: This focuses on the protection of mothers and children that reduce the
rate of morbidity and mortality in mothers and children through access o
quality antenatal care which provide comprehensive quality care for both pre
and post delivery. This component establishes the capacity for diagnosis of
common illness that affects children and prescribes appropriate preventive
measures. The Community Health Worker should ensure a coordinated family
planning with the idea of having children by choice and not by chance and also
spell out the abundant benefits to the family and community. It is necessary to
promote and protect the health of Mothers and Children through antenatal
services and encourage inter-sectoral support and co-ordination in Primary
Health Care resources for child health. Family planning must be encouraged as
well as being practiced.
and child health including family planning: This focuses on the protection of mothers and children that reduce the
rate of morbidity and mortality in mothers and children through access o
quality antenatal care which provide comprehensive quality care for both pre
and post delivery. This component establishes the capacity for diagnosis of
common illness that affects children and prescribes appropriate preventive
measures. The Community Health Worker should ensure a coordinated family
planning with the idea of having children by choice and not by chance and also
spell out the abundant benefits to the family and community. It is necessary to
promote and protect the health of Mothers and Children through antenatal
services and encourage inter-sectoral support and co-ordination in Primary
Health Care resources for child health. Family planning must be encouraged as
well as being practiced.
5. Immunization
against major infectious diseases: The community health practitioner should integrate specific services
aimed at increasing immunization coverage among children of 0 – 5 years against
childhood deadly diseases such as whooping cough (pertussis), measles,
diphtheria tetanus, poliomyelitis and tuberculosis. It will be recalled that
these diseases are responsible for child morbidity and mortality. This approach
would enable both mothers and children to reap the dividends of protection by
vaccines.
against major infectious diseases: The community health practitioner should integrate specific services
aimed at increasing immunization coverage among children of 0 – 5 years against
childhood deadly diseases such as whooping cough (pertussis), measles,
diphtheria tetanus, poliomyelitis and tuberculosis. It will be recalled that
these diseases are responsible for child morbidity and mortality. This approach
would enable both mothers and children to reap the dividends of protection by
vaccines.
Primary
Health Care emphasis on protection and guarding against communicable diseases.
Children and pregnant mothers must be immunized so that they can benefit from
the health services provided for them. Immunization safeguards both the mother
and children from immunisable diseases.
Health Care emphasis on protection and guarding against communicable diseases.
Children and pregnant mothers must be immunized so that they can benefit from
the health services provided for them. Immunization safeguards both the mother
and children from immunisable diseases.
6. Prevention
and control of locally endemic diseases: The process involves to carry out early detection and recognition of
diseases; initiate prompt and appropriate treatment as well as referrals to
proper levels of care; provide basic suppressive or preventive care to high
risk children, undertake specific measures to prevent and control endemic
diseases e.g. disinfecting, disinfestations and other preventive measures.
and control of locally endemic diseases: The process involves to carry out early detection and recognition of
diseases; initiate prompt and appropriate treatment as well as referrals to
proper levels of care; provide basic suppressive or preventive care to high
risk children, undertake specific measures to prevent and control endemic
diseases e.g. disinfecting, disinfestations and other preventive measures.
7. Appropriate
treatment of common diseases and injuries: Primary Health Care emphasizes on initiation of simple diagnostic
procedures, provide emergency care including first aid; counsel sick persons
and refer patients to appropriate health care facility as at when necessary.
treatment of common diseases and injuries: Primary Health Care emphasizes on initiation of simple diagnostic
procedures, provide emergency care including first aid; counsel sick persons
and refer patients to appropriate health care facility as at when necessary.
8. Provision
of essential drugs: One of
the key indicators for the successful implementation of primary health can
strategy is the availability of essential drugs at all levels of the health
care delivery system. Critical shortage of drug constitutes a major defect in
the health care delivery system. Mostly affected are the health care facilities,
such as the health centres, clinics and health posts, which are closest to the
majority of the people.
of essential drugs: One of
the key indicators for the successful implementation of primary health can
strategy is the availability of essential drugs at all levels of the health
care delivery system. Critical shortage of drug constitutes a major defect in
the health care delivery system. Mostly affected are the health care facilities,
such as the health centres, clinics and health posts, which are closest to the
majority of the people.
Essential
drugs are those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the
population. They should b available at all times in adequate quantities and in the
appropriate dosage forms. Provision of essential drugs is primary health care
component that aims at the procurement and distribution of essential drugs required
to develop and sustain an efficient system of drug acquisition, storage, distribution
and utilization in our health system.
drugs are those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the
population. They should b available at all times in adequate quantities and in the
appropriate dosage forms. Provision of essential drugs is primary health care
component that aims at the procurement and distribution of essential drugs required
to develop and sustain an efficient system of drug acquisition, storage, distribution
and utilization in our health system.
9. Mental
Health: Mental health is an
integral part of health. It is a component of primary health care in Nigeria.
It is that component that has to do with the capacity of the individual, a
group and the environment to interact with one another in ways that promote the
feeling of well being; It is concerned with the promotion of mental well being,
prevention of mental disorders, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of the
mentally ill. It is also concerned with the optimal development and use of such
mental abilities as thinking, feeling, reasoning, understanding and behaviour
required for normal levels of functioning and the factors that can disturb this
functioning.
Health: Mental health is an
integral part of health. It is a component of primary health care in Nigeria.
It is that component that has to do with the capacity of the individual, a
group and the environment to interact with one another in ways that promote the
feeling of well being; It is concerned with the promotion of mental well being,
prevention of mental disorders, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of the
mentally ill. It is also concerned with the optimal development and use of such
mental abilities as thinking, feeling, reasoning, understanding and behaviour
required for normal levels of functioning and the factors that can disturb this
functioning.
Therefore,
there is need for health workers to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills
to enable them promote good mental health and manage mental health problems in
their communities. Primary Health Care is necessary for community mental health
programme of education and avoiding stress conditions that could deteriorate an
individual’s capability to adjust and control emotion as well as mastery over
his environment.
there is need for health workers to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills
to enable them promote good mental health and manage mental health problems in
their communities. Primary Health Care is necessary for community mental health
programme of education and avoiding stress conditions that could deteriorate an
individual’s capability to adjust and control emotion as well as mastery over
his environment.
10
Dental Health: Primary Health Care activities should include oral health education
especially tooth decay and prompt treatment or avoidance of an action to
promote dental problems in the individual, family and community.
Dental Health: Primary Health Care activities should include oral health education
especially tooth decay and prompt treatment or avoidance of an action to
promote dental problems in the individual, family and community.
