Renal failure can be classified into two
categories: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The type of renal
failure is differentiated by the trend
in the serum creatinine: other factors that may differentiate acute kidney
injury from chronic kidney disease include anemia and the kidney size on sonography
as chronic kidney disease generally leads to anemia and small kidney size.
categories: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The type of renal
failure is differentiated by the trend
in the serum creatinine: other factors that may differentiate acute kidney
injury from chronic kidney disease include anemia and the kidney size on sonography
as chronic kidney disease generally leads to anemia and small kidney size.
1.
Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) previously called acute renal failure (ARF) is
a rapidly progressive loss of renal function generally characterized by
Oliguria (decreased urine production quantified by less 400ml per day in adults,
less than 0.5ml/kg/h in children and less than ml/kg/h in infants) and fluid
andelectrolyte imbalance. Acute kidney injury can result from a variety of
causes generally classified as prerenal, intrinsic, and post renal. The
underlying cause may be identified and treated to arrest the progress and
dialysis may be necessary to bridge the time gap required for treating these
fundamental causes (Moore, Bellom o& Nichol, 2012).
a rapidly progressive loss of renal function generally characterized by
Oliguria (decreased urine production quantified by less 400ml per day in adults,
less than 0.5ml/kg/h in children and less than ml/kg/h in infants) and fluid
andelectrolyte imbalance. Acute kidney injury can result from a variety of
causes generally classified as prerenal, intrinsic, and post renal. The
underlying cause may be identified and treated to arrest the progress and
dialysis may be necessary to bridge the time gap required for treating these
fundamental causes (Moore, Bellom o& Nichol, 2012).
2. Chronic
kidney disease
kidney disease
According to Grinsted (2005) chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the
irreversible stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), acute or chronic disease like
diabetes, chronic kidney disease can develop slowly and initially show few
symptoms.
irreversible stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), acute or chronic disease like
diabetes, chronic kidney disease can develop slowly and initially show few
symptoms.
Acute on chronic renal failure
Acute kidney injuries that is present on top of chronic kidney disease
is a condition called acute on chronic renal failure (AoCRF). The acute part of
AoCRF may be reversible and the goal of treatment as with acute kidney injury
is to return the patient to basal renal function typically measured by serum
creatinine like acute kidney injury AoCRF can be difficult to distinguish from
chronic kidney disease if the patient has not been monitored by a physician and
no baseline (i.e. past) blood work is available
for comparison (ADAM Encyclopedia, 2012)
is a condition called acute on chronic renal failure (AoCRF). The acute part of
AoCRF may be reversible and the goal of treatment as with acute kidney injury
is to return the patient to basal renal function typically measured by serum
creatinine like acute kidney injury AoCRF can be difficult to distinguish from
chronic kidney disease if the patient has not been monitored by a physician and
no baseline (i.e. past) blood work is available
for comparison (ADAM Encyclopedia, 2012)
