ABO antigen are glycolipids in nature, meaning they are oligosaccharide
attacked directly to lipids on red cell membrane. These antigen stick out from
red cell membrane and their presence on red blood cells soluble antigen can be
present in plasma, saliva and other secretions, these antigens are also
expected on tissue other than red cells. This last fact is important to
consider in organ transplantation.
attacked directly to lipids on red cell membrane. These antigen stick out from
red cell membrane and their presence on red blood cells soluble antigen can be
present in plasma, saliva and other secretions, these antigens are also
expected on tissue other than red cells. This last fact is important to
consider in organ transplantation.
Antibodies
An antibody (Ab), also known as immunoglobulin (Ig) is a Y-shaped
protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify
and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and fungi. The antibody
recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called antigen (Charles, 2009).
protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify
and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and fungi. The antibody
recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called antigen (Charles, 2009).
An antibody can also be defined as a substance in plasma or serum of an
individual as a result of antigenic stimulation and which when mixed with the
antigen react specifically with it in some observable way (Aboyomi, 2007).
individual as a result of antigenic stimulation and which when mixed with the
antigen react specifically with it in some observable way (Aboyomi, 2007).
These antibodies are gamma globulins produce by the bone marrow or lymph
gland cells. There are 5 classes of immunoglobulin, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and Igm.
Most blood group antibodies are either IgG or IgM, but some activity is
associated with IgA. IgM antibodies agglutinate red cells with corresponding
antigen in saline preparations while IgG antibodies are incomplete antibodies
that sensitize (attach to)red cell suspended in saline but do not agglutinate.
IgG antibodies cross the placenta from mother to baby (give passive immunity to
the foetus). The body produces antibodies for the sole purpose of destroying
antigens (Barbara, 2011).
gland cells. There are 5 classes of immunoglobulin, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and Igm.
Most blood group antibodies are either IgG or IgM, but some activity is
associated with IgA. IgM antibodies agglutinate red cells with corresponding
antigen in saline preparations while IgG antibodies are incomplete antibodies
that sensitize (attach to)red cell suspended in saline but do not agglutinate.
IgG antibodies cross the placenta from mother to baby (give passive immunity to
the foetus). The body produces antibodies for the sole purpose of destroying
antigens (Barbara, 2011).
The ABO blood group is the most important blood group system and of the
major ethnical significance in blood transfusion.
major ethnical significance in blood transfusion.
1.
Strongly
reacting antibodies are present in the serum of individual who lack the
corresponding antigen and
Strongly
reacting antibodies are present in the serum of individual who lack the
corresponding antigen and
2.
A and B
antigen are present on many tissue cell as in the red cells.
A and B
antigen are present on many tissue cell as in the red cells.