According to Medline plus (2012) acute kidney injury (AKI) usually
occurs when the blood supply to the kidney is suddenly interrupted or when
kidney becomes overloaded with toxins. Causes of acute kidney injury include:
Accidents, injuries or complications from surgeries in which the kidney are
deprived of normal blood flow for extended period of time. Heart bypass surgery
is an example of one such procedures.
occurs when the blood supply to the kidney is suddenly interrupted or when
kidney becomes overloaded with toxins. Causes of acute kidney injury include:
Accidents, injuries or complications from surgeries in which the kidney are
deprived of normal blood flow for extended period of time. Heart bypass surgery
is an example of one such procedures.
Drug overdose, accidentals or chemical overloads of drugs such as antibiotics
or chemotherapy may also cause the onset of acute kidney injury unlike the
chronic kidney disease, however the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney
injury allowing the patients to result abnormal life. Patients suffering from
acute kidney injury recover function, and they often remain at increased risk
of developing future kidney failure among the accidental causes of renal
failure is the crush syndrome, when large amounts of toxins are suddenly
released in the blood circulation after a long compressed limb is suddenly
relieved from the pressure obstructing the blood flow through its tissues
causing ischemia. The resulting overload can lead to the clogging and
destruction of the kidneys. It is a reperfussion injury that appears after the
release of the crusting pressure. The mechanism is believed to be the release
into the bloodstream of muscle breath down product notable myoglobin, potassium
and phosphorus that are the products of rhabdomyolysis (the breakdown of
skeletal muscles damaged by ischemic conditions). The specific action on the kidney
is not fully understood but may be due in part of mephrotoxic metabolites of myoglobin.
or chemotherapy may also cause the onset of acute kidney injury unlike the
chronic kidney disease, however the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney
injury allowing the patients to result abnormal life. Patients suffering from
acute kidney injury recover function, and they often remain at increased risk
of developing future kidney failure among the accidental causes of renal
failure is the crush syndrome, when large amounts of toxins are suddenly
released in the blood circulation after a long compressed limb is suddenly
relieved from the pressure obstructing the blood flow through its tissues
causing ischemia. The resulting overload can lead to the clogging and
destruction of the kidneys. It is a reperfussion injury that appears after the
release of the crusting pressure. The mechanism is believed to be the release
into the bloodstream of muscle breath down product notable myoglobin, potassium
and phosphorus that are the products of rhabdomyolysis (the breakdown of
skeletal muscles damaged by ischemic conditions). The specific action on the kidney
is not fully understood but may be due in part of mephrotoxic metabolites of myoglobin.
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease has numerous causes, the most common causes are
diabetes mellitus and long term uncontrolled hypertension. Polycystic kidney
disease is another well known cause of chronic kidney disease, the majority of
people afflicted with polycystic kidney disease have a family history of the
disease. Other genetic illness affect kidney function as well. Over use of
common drugs such aspirin, Ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also
cause chronic kidney damage. (Pernegar, Thormas, Whelton, Paul, King, Klea&Micheal,
1994).
diabetes mellitus and long term uncontrolled hypertension. Polycystic kidney
disease is another well known cause of chronic kidney disease, the majority of
people afflicted with polycystic kidney disease have a family history of the
disease. Other genetic illness affect kidney function as well. Over use of
common drugs such aspirin, Ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also
cause chronic kidney damage. (Pernegar, Thormas, Whelton, Paul, King, Klea&Micheal,
1994).
Some infectious diseases, such as hantavirus, can attack the kidney the
kidney causing kidney failure. (Appel, Gerald,MustomenJukka, 2012).
kidney causing kidney failure. (Appel, Gerald,MustomenJukka, 2012).
Genetic predisposition
The Apol 1 gene has been proposed as a major genetic risk locus for a spectrum
of non-diabetic renal failure in individuals of African origin, these include
HIV associated nephrophathy (HIVAN), primary non-monogenic forms of focal
segmental glomerulosclerosis and hypertension afflicted chronic kidney disease
not attributed to other etiologies (Tzar,Rosset&Sharon, 1999).
of non-diabetic renal failure in individuals of African origin, these include
HIV associated nephrophathy (HIVAN), primary non-monogenic forms of focal
segmental glomerulosclerosis and hypertension afflicted chronic kidney disease
not attributed to other etiologies (Tzar,Rosset&Sharon, 1999).
Glomerular filtration rate
A normal Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) varies according to many
factors including age, sex, body size the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to
be the best (Shemar&Revital,2002).
factors including age, sex, body size the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to
be the best (Shemar&Revital,2002).
