Electronic governance or refer to as e-governance
is the application of information and communication technology (ICT)
for delivering government services, exchange of information
communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and
services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B),
government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office
is the application of information and communication technology (ICT)
for delivering government services, exchange of information
communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and
services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B),
government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office
processes and interactions within the entire government framework. Through
e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a
convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that
can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and
businesses/interest groups. In e-governance there are no distinct boundaries.
Generally four basic models are available – government-to-citizen (customer), government-to-employees, government-to-government and government-to-business.
Government to Customer (G2C)
The goal of Government to Customer (G2C)
e-Governance to is offer a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient
and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship between government
and citizens using technology.
e-Governance to is offer a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient
and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship between government
and citizens using technology.
There are several methods of Government to Customer
e-Governance. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant
message directly with public administrators, and cast remote electronic votes (electronic voting) and
instant opinion voting. Transactions such as payment of services, such as city
utilities, can be completed online or over the phone. Mundane services such as
name or address changes, applying for services or grants, or transferring
existing services are more convenient and no longer have to be completed face
to face.
e-Governance. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant
message directly with public administrators, and cast remote electronic votes (electronic voting) and
instant opinion voting. Transactions such as payment of services, such as city
utilities, can be completed online or over the phone. Mundane services such as
name or address changes, applying for services or grants, or transferring
existing services are more convenient and no longer have to be completed face
to face.
Government to Employees (G2E)
E-Governance to Employee partnership (G2E) is one
of four main primary interactions in the delivery model of E-Governance. It is
the relationship between online tools, sources, and articles that help
employees maintain communication with the government and their own companies.
E-Governance relationship with Employees allows new learning technology in one
simple place as the computer. Documents can now be stored and shared with other
colleagues online. E-governance makes it possible for employees to become
paperless and makes it easy for employees to send important documents back and
forth to colleagues all over the world instead of having to print out these
records. G2E services also include software for maintaining
personal information and records of employees. Some of the benefits of G2E
expansion include:
of four main primary interactions in the delivery model of E-Governance. It is
the relationship between online tools, sources, and articles that help
employees maintain communication with the government and their own companies.
E-Governance relationship with Employees allows new learning technology in one
simple place as the computer. Documents can now be stored and shared with other
colleagues online. E-governance makes it possible for employees to become
paperless and makes it easy for employees to send important documents back and
forth to colleagues all over the world instead of having to print out these
records. G2E services also include software for maintaining
personal information and records of employees. Some of the benefits of G2E
expansion include:
·
E-Payroll- maintaining the online sources to view
paychecks, pay stubs, pay bills, and keep records for tax information.
E-Payroll- maintaining the online sources to view
paychecks, pay stubs, pay bills, and keep records for tax information.
·
E-benefits- be able to look up what benefits an
employee is receiving and what benefits they have a right to.
E-benefits- be able to look up what benefits an
employee is receiving and what benefits they have a right to.
·
E-training– allows
for new and current employees to regularly maintain the training they have
through the development of new technology and to allow new employees to train
and learn over new materials in one convenient location. E-learning is another
way to keep employees informed on the important materials they need to know
through the use of visuals, animation, videos, etc. It is usually a computer
based learning tool, although not always. It is also a way for employees to
learn at their own pace (distance learning).
E-training– allows
for new and current employees to regularly maintain the training they have
through the development of new technology and to allow new employees to train
and learn over new materials in one convenient location. E-learning is another
way to keep employees informed on the important materials they need to know
through the use of visuals, animation, videos, etc. It is usually a computer
based learning tool, although not always. It is also a way for employees to
learn at their own pace (distance learning).
·
Maintaining records of personal information- Allows
the system to keep all records in one easy location to update with every single
bit of information that is relevant to a personal file. Examples being social
security numbers, tax information, current address, and other information.
Maintaining records of personal information- Allows
the system to keep all records in one easy location to update with every single
bit of information that is relevant to a personal file. Examples being social
security numbers, tax information, current address, and other information.
Government to Government (G2G)
Many governments around the world have gradually
turned to Internet Technologies (IT) in an effort to keep up with today’s
demands. Historically, many governments in this sphere have only been reactive
but up until recently there has been a more proactive approach in developing
comparable services such things as e-commerce and e-business. Not
only does e-government introduce a new form of record keeping, it also
continues to become more interactive to better the process of delivering
services and promoting constituency participation.
turned to Internet Technologies (IT) in an effort to keep up with today’s
demands. Historically, many governments in this sphere have only been reactive
but up until recently there has been a more proactive approach in developing
comparable services such things as e-commerce and e-business. Not
only does e-government introduce a new form of record keeping, it also
continues to become more interactive to better the process of delivering
services and promoting constituency participation.
Government to Business (G2B)
The Main Goal of
Government to Business is to increase productivity by giving business
more access to information in a more organize manner while lowering the cost of
doing business as well as the ability to cut “red tape”, save time, reduce
operational cost and to create a more transparent business environment when
dealing with government.
Government to Business is to increase productivity by giving business
more access to information in a more organize manner while lowering the cost of
doing business as well as the ability to cut “red tape”, save time, reduce
operational cost and to create a more transparent business environment when
dealing with government.
·
Lowering cost of doing business- electronic
transaction save time compared to conducting business in person.
Lowering cost of doing business- electronic
transaction save time compared to conducting business in person.
·
Cutting red tape- rules and regulation placed upon
business normally take time and are most likely to cause a delay- in (G2B) will
allow a much faster process with less delays and decreasing the number of rules
and regulations
Cutting red tape- rules and regulation placed upon
business normally take time and are most likely to cause a delay- in (G2B) will
allow a much faster process with less delays and decreasing the number of rules
and regulations
·
Transparency- More information will be available,
making G2B easier to communicate.
Transparency- More information will be available,
making G2B easier to communicate.
References
Bertot, J. & McClure, B. (2008). “Citizen
Centered E-Government Services: Benefits, Costs, and Research Needs”.
Montreal, Canada.
Centered E-Government Services: Benefits, Costs, and Research Needs”.
Montreal, Canada.
Garson, D.G. (2006). Public Information
Technology and E-Governance. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Technology and E-Governance. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Lee, (2004). “Communications of the ACM”.
Association for Computing Machinery.
Association for Computing Machinery.
Miller, W. & Walling, J. (2013).
“Government in the twenty-first century: New Avenues of Study”.
Taking Sides. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
“Government in the twenty-first century: New Avenues of Study”.
Taking Sides. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Rossel, P. & Matthias, F. (2007).
“Conceptualizing e-Governance.” Management (7): 399-407.
“Conceptualizing e-Governance.” Management (7): 399-407.
Saugata, B., & Masud, R.R. (2007). Implementing
E-Governance Using OECD Model(Modified) and Gartner Model (Modified) Upon
Agriculture of Bangladesh. IEEE. 1-4244-1551-9/07.
E-Governance Using OECD Model(Modified) and Gartner Model (Modified) Upon
Agriculture of Bangladesh. IEEE. 1-4244-1551-9/07.
