There are two types of communication Verbal and non Verbal
Verbal communication
This is communication
in the form of spoken or written words. It is the most common form of
communication. There
are two types of verbal communication which are formal and informal
communication. Formal communication is used in offices and social gathering.
There are two types of formal communication. The Downward and Upward
in the form of spoken or written words. It is the most common form of
communication. There
are two types of verbal communication which are formal and informal
communication. Formal communication is used in offices and social gathering.
There are two types of formal communication. The Downward and Upward
Downward communication
This is from
higher designation to lower designation eg Boss ordered to his worker. Here
effect of this type of communication is very much than upward communication.
higher designation to lower designation eg Boss ordered to his worker. Here
effect of this type of communication is very much than upward communication.
Upward communication
This is from
lower designation to higher designation eg worker request to his boss. Here the
effect of communication is less than downward communication.
lower designation to higher designation eg worker request to his boss. Here the
effect of communication is less than downward communication.
Informal communication
We use this
type of communication with our family or friends. There are three types of
informal communication.
type of communication with our family or friends. There are three types of
informal communication.
·
lateral
lateral
·
diagonal
diagonal
·
grapevine
grapevine
Lateral communication
This is
found among members working at the same level eg Peer group. It is most
effective form of communication. Barrier of subordinates or boss is not present
here.
found among members working at the same level eg Peer group. It is most
effective form of communication. Barrier of subordinates or boss is not present
here.
Diagonal communication
The path is
mixture of vertical and horizontal movement. In large communications various
departments need communication support from each other.
mixture of vertical and horizontal movement. In large communications various
departments need communication support from each other.
Grapevine communication. This is also
called as “backbiting” or “backstabbing”.
called as “backbiting” or “backstabbing”.
A
backstabber is a colleague or an employee who acts like a friend in public but
badmouth you in private.
backstabber is a colleague or an employee who acts like a friend in public but
badmouth you in private.
There are
two major forms of verbal communication which include written and oral
communication.
two major forms of verbal communication which include written and oral
communication.
Written
communication includes
traditional pen and paper letters and documents, typed electronic documents,
e-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else conveyed through written symbols, hieroglyphics, and drawings etc. This type of
communication is indispensable for formal communications and issuing legal
instructions.
communication includes
traditional pen and paper letters and documents, typed electronic documents,
e-mails, text chats, SMS and anything else conveyed through written symbols, hieroglyphics, and drawings etc. This type of
communication is indispensable for formal communications and issuing legal
instructions.
Oral Communication
The other
form of verbal communication is the spoken word, languages
and dialects either
face-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other
medium. Various forms of informal communications such as the grapevine or
informal rumour mill, and formal communications such as lectures, conferences
are forms of oral communication. Oral communication is use in discussions and
informal conversations. The effectiveness of oral conversations depends on the
clarity of speech, voice modulation, pitch, volume, speed, and even non-verbal
communications such as body language and visual cues. Verbal communication
makes the process of conveying thoughts easier and faster, and it remains the
most successful form of communication.
form of verbal communication is the spoken word, languages
and dialects either
face-to-face or through phone, voice chat, video conferencing or any other
medium. Various forms of informal communications such as the grapevine or
informal rumour mill, and formal communications such as lectures, conferences
are forms of oral communication. Oral communication is use in discussions and
informal conversations. The effectiveness of oral conversations depends on the
clarity of speech, voice modulation, pitch, volume, speed, and even non-verbal
communications such as body language and visual cues. Verbal communication
makes the process of conveying thoughts easier and faster, and it remains the
most successful form of communication.
Advantages
of Upward Communication
of Upward Communication
1.
It can enhance employees’ morale and attitude
It can enhance employees’ morale and attitude
2.
It is a very useful tool for planning and motivation
It is a very useful tool for planning and motivation
3.
It is a source of decision-making information.
It is a source of decision-making information.
Disadvantages
of Upward Communication
of Upward Communication
1.
Subordinates tend to tell their superiors what they (supervisors) like to know
or think they want to hear.
Subordinates tend to tell their superiors what they (supervisors) like to know
or think they want to hear.
2
Upward communication can be achieved through open-door policies; counselling,
meetings, opinion surveys and employee letters.
Upward communication can be achieved through open-door policies; counselling,
meetings, opinion surveys and employee letters.
3.
Upward and downward types of communication are, collectively, called vertical
communication which is built on the hierarchical authority. It provides the
basic chain of command along which orders and other messages flow.
Upward and downward types of communication are, collectively, called vertical
communication which is built on the hierarchical authority. It provides the
basic chain of command along which orders and other messages flow.
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal
communication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages.
It is a type of communication
that employs gestures, eye contact, or tone of
voice and body language. The term “body
language” is sometimes used to denote non-verbal communications. “Body
Language” is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes,
and thoughts through body-movements such as gestures, postures, facial
expressions, touch, smell, walking styles and positions among others. These
movements can be done either consciously or involuntarily; more often they
‘happen’ subconsciously, and are accompanied, or not accompanied, by words.
Non-verbal can go without verbal communication. Verbal can’t go without
non-verbal communication.
communication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages.
It is a type of communication
that employs gestures, eye contact, or tone of
voice and body language. The term “body
language” is sometimes used to denote non-verbal communications. “Body
Language” is the communication of personal feelings, emotions, attitudes,
and thoughts through body-movements such as gestures, postures, facial
expressions, touch, smell, walking styles and positions among others. These
movements can be done either consciously or involuntarily; more often they
‘happen’ subconsciously, and are accompanied, or not accompanied, by words.
Non-verbal can go without verbal communication. Verbal can’t go without
non-verbal communication.
Non Verbal: Sound, Smoke Signals,
Drums were one way to send signals to neighboring
tribes and groups. Different drumming patterns would tell them of concerns
and events they needed to know.
tribes and groups. Different drumming patterns would tell them of concerns
and events they needed to know.
Smoke Signals
Smoke signals were another way to send messages to
people who were not close enough to use words.
people who were not close enough to use words.
Physical nonverbal communication, or body
language, includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures
such as a wave, pointed finger and the like, overall body movements, tone of
voice, touch, and others. Facial expressions are the most common among all
nonverbal communication. For instance, a smile or a frown conveys distinct
emotions hard to express through verbal communication.
language, includes facial expressions, eye contact, body posture, gestures
such as a wave, pointed finger and the like, overall body movements, tone of
voice, touch, and others. Facial expressions are the most common among all
nonverbal communication. For instance, a smile or a frown conveys distinct
emotions hard to express through verbal communication.
Paralanguage
The way
something is said, rather than what is actually said, is an important component
of nonverbal communication. This includes voice quality, intonation, pitch,
stress, emotion, tone, and style of speaking, and communicates approval,
interest or the lack of it.
something is said, rather than what is actually said, is an important component
of nonverbal communication. This includes voice quality, intonation, pitch,
stress, emotion, tone, and style of speaking, and communicates approval,
interest or the lack of it.
Other forms
of nonverbal communication usually communicate one’s personality. These
include:
of nonverbal communication usually communicate one’s personality. These
include:
Ø
Aesthetic communication or
creative expressions such as dancing, painting, and the like.
Aesthetic communication or
creative expressions such as dancing, painting, and the like.
Ø
Appearance or the
style of dressing and grooming, which communicates one’s personality.
Appearance or the
style of dressing and grooming, which communicates one’s personality.
Ø
Space language such as
paintings and landscapes communicate social status and taste.
Space language such as
paintings and landscapes communicate social status and taste.
Ø
Symbols such as
religious, status, or ego-building symbols.
Symbols such as
religious, status, or ego-building symbols.
Visual communication
The communication which is done through sight is called visual communication.
Such as facial expression, gesture, eye contact, signals, map, chart, poster
etc. it also includes graphic design, illustration and animation, books, print,
magazines, screen-based media, interactive web design, short film, design for
advertising, promotion, corporate identity and packaging design etc. Visual
presentation of information and data is having an increasing impact on our
practical life. In spite of having impact on our life, visual communication is
not alone sufficient for exchanging information. For example to indicate
‘danger’ we use red sign, to indicate ‘no smoking’; we use an image showing a
lighted cigarette with across mark on it etc.
Such as facial expression, gesture, eye contact, signals, map, chart, poster
etc. it also includes graphic design, illustration and animation, books, print,
magazines, screen-based media, interactive web design, short film, design for
advertising, promotion, corporate identity and packaging design etc. Visual
presentation of information and data is having an increasing impact on our
practical life. In spite of having impact on our life, visual communication is
not alone sufficient for exchanging information. For example to indicate
‘danger’ we use red sign, to indicate ‘no smoking’; we use an image showing a
lighted cigarette with across mark on it etc.
Advantages of visual
communication
Now-a-days, most of the business organizations are using
visual techniques to present the information. It is becoming very popular day
by day. Visual presentation is beneficial for many reasons. Some of them are as
follows:
visual techniques to present the information. It is becoming very popular day
by day. Visual presentation is beneficial for many reasons. Some of them are as
follows:
1.
Effective for illiterate receiver:
If the receivers are illiterate, the visual communication will be more
effective to exchange information. They can easily understand the information
that is presented visually.
Effective for illiterate receiver:
If the receivers are illiterate, the visual communication will be more
effective to exchange information. They can easily understand the information
that is presented visually.
2.
Helps in oral communication:
Visual techniques can be used with oral
communication. Oral communication becomes more meaningful if
graphs, pictures and diagrams are used with it.
Helps in oral communication:
Visual techniques can be used with oral
communication. Oral communication becomes more meaningful if
graphs, pictures and diagrams are used with it.
3.
Easy explanation:
Everyone can explain the meaning of it very easily. Easy explanation has made
the visual techniques more popular.
Easy explanation:
Everyone can explain the meaning of it very easily. Easy explanation has made
the visual techniques more popular.
4.
Simple presentation:
Complex information, data and figures can be easily presented very simply on
graphs, pictures and diagrams.
Simple presentation:
Complex information, data and figures can be easily presented very simply on
graphs, pictures and diagrams.
5.
Prevents wastage of time:
Visual techniques help to prevent the wastage of time. Written and oral
communication takes much time to exchange information. But number of receivers
can be communicated at a time through visual methods.
Prevents wastage of time:
Visual techniques help to prevent the wastage of time. Written and oral
communication takes much time to exchange information. But number of receivers
can be communicated at a time through visual methods.
6.
Helps in quick decision:
Visual communication helps to take quick decision. So management prefers visual
techniques to communicate with others.
Helps in quick decision:
Visual communication helps to take quick decision. So management prefers visual
techniques to communicate with others.
Disadvantages of
visual communication:
There are some limitations of visual communication as
follows:
follows:
1.
Costly: The visual methods
of communication are more costly than those of other methods. To draw maps,
charts, diagram is costly. That is why only large company or organization can
use this technique.
Costly: The visual methods
of communication are more costly than those of other methods. To draw maps,
charts, diagram is costly. That is why only large company or organization can
use this technique.
2.
Complex presentation:
Sometimes visual presentation of information becomes complex. The receivers
cannot understand the meaning of the presentation.
Complex presentation:
Sometimes visual presentation of information becomes complex. The receivers
cannot understand the meaning of the presentation.
3.
Incomplete method:
This technique is considered as an incomplete method. Visual presentation is
not sufficient to communicate effectively and clearly but also it can be successfully
used with oral communication.
Incomplete method:
This technique is considered as an incomplete method. Visual presentation is
not sufficient to communicate effectively and clearly but also it can be successfully
used with oral communication.
4.
Difficult to understand:
Difficult to understand and requires a lot of repetitions in visual
communication. Since it uses gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch
etc. for communicating with others which may not be understandable for the
simple and foolish people.
Difficult to understand:
Difficult to understand and requires a lot of repetitions in visual
communication. Since it uses gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, touch
etc. for communicating with others which may not be understandable for the
simple and foolish people.
Audio
communication
communication
Audio communication is any
form of transmission that is based on hearing. Audio communicative forms are
found in such platforms as audio books, microphones and
recorders, movie soundtracks and music
records.
form of transmission that is based on hearing. Audio communicative forms are
found in such platforms as audio books, microphones and
recorders, movie soundtracks and music
records.
Audiovisual
Communication
means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape
presentations, films, television programs, church services and live theatre
productions.
Communication
means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape
presentations, films, television programs, church services and live theatre
productions.