a.
Master Plan
Master Plan
The master plan
also referred to as a “blueprint” can be referred to a planning/landscaping document which shows the
current status of a community and also make recommendation on how it should
look like in the future. The major components of a master plan include aerial
photos, maps, diagrams, reports and statistical information that support the
planner’s vision.
also referred to as a “blueprint” can be referred to a planning/landscaping document which shows the
current status of a community and also make recommendation on how it should
look like in the future. The major components of a master plan include aerial
photos, maps, diagrams, reports and statistical information that support the
planner’s vision.
In making a master plan of a community, the following
key areas are to be given adequate attention:
key areas are to be given adequate attention:
·
Residential Area: Residential areas show the part
of the community that community that is or will be best suited for people to
live in. These areas are usually free from pollution by industries and heavy
noise. In planning for residential areas, there should be adequate
interconnectivity between the residential area and other parts of the
community. A good residential area should be an area where is liveable, good in
appearance, good transportation system, convenient and safe for all residents.
Residential Area: Residential areas show the part
of the community that community that is or will be best suited for people to
live in. These areas are usually free from pollution by industries and heavy
noise. In planning for residential areas, there should be adequate
interconnectivity between the residential area and other parts of the
community. A good residential area should be an area where is liveable, good in
appearance, good transportation system, convenient and safe for all residents.
·
Economic development: The economic development of every community is a very import factor in
making a master plan. A master plan should be made in such a way that it boost
economic development, promote existing businesses and attract other businesses
to the community. A community should make adequate planning for markets,
industrial layout, community/city malls, etc. and these areas must be supported
by a functional transportation network.
Economic development: The economic development of every community is a very import factor in
making a master plan. A master plan should be made in such a way that it boost
economic development, promote existing businesses and attract other businesses
to the community. A community should make adequate planning for markets,
industrial layout, community/city malls, etc. and these areas must be supported
by a functional transportation network.
·
Pre-planned community land usage: A master plan must take into cognisance how land in
the community is to be used for different purposes by people in the community.
This includes planning for parks and open space; residential areas; commercial,
office and industrial uses; civic and institutional uses; and mixed-use areas.
In making this plans, the master plan should also take cognisance of how the
community will look like in the future as a result of growth and development
and should be able to make adequate plans to accommodate such without
distorting the ecosystem.
Pre-planned community land usage: A master plan must take into cognisance how land in
the community is to be used for different purposes by people in the community.
This includes planning for parks and open space; residential areas; commercial,
office and industrial uses; civic and institutional uses; and mixed-use areas.
In making this plans, the master plan should also take cognisance of how the
community will look like in the future as a result of growth and development
and should be able to make adequate plans to accommodate such without
distorting the ecosystem.
·
Effective transportation planning: The importance of effective transportation system in
a community cannot be over-emphasized, in must be given adequate attention to
make sure that transportation to every part of the community is effectively
managed to enhance the movement of people and goods easily throughout the
community.
Effective transportation planning: The importance of effective transportation system in
a community cannot be over-emphasized, in must be given adequate attention to
make sure that transportation to every part of the community is effectively
managed to enhance the movement of people and goods easily throughout the
community.
·
Community facilities: Community facilities such as health care centres, community town
halls, police stations, court, libraries, market, schools, etc. must be given
adequate consideration. They should be located in areas that are easily
accessible by every facet of the community. Most importantly, they must be
provided with good transportation network.
Community facilities: Community facilities such as health care centres, community town
halls, police stations, court, libraries, market, schools, etc. must be given
adequate consideration. They should be located in areas that are easily
accessible by every facet of the community. Most importantly, they must be
provided with good transportation network.
·
Recreational Centre: A master plan should contain
areas en-marked for recreational centres such as parks, stadium, open field,
community playground, etc. where people can go for recreational and leisure
activities.
Recreational Centre: A master plan should contain
areas en-marked for recreational centres such as parks, stadium, open field,
community playground, etc. where people can go for recreational and leisure
activities.
b.
Features of a planned layout of a Recreational Ground
Features of a planned layout of a Recreational Ground
In planning a
recreational ground, it is important that the types of activities envisaged by
the planner to be carried out in the recreational ground must be given
consideration to ensure that the recreational ground do not serve as a nuisance
to the surrounding environment and also the surrounding environment should not
also constitute a threat to the recreational ground. To ensure this, planning a
recreational ground should include collecting and analysing information, to
make sure the right facilities and venues for recreation are developed and that
the right places are protected to meet our future recreation needs.
recreational ground, it is important that the types of activities envisaged by
the planner to be carried out in the recreational ground must be given
consideration to ensure that the recreational ground do not serve as a nuisance
to the surrounding environment and also the surrounding environment should not
also constitute a threat to the recreational ground. To ensure this, planning a
recreational ground should include collecting and analysing information, to
make sure the right facilities and venues for recreation are developed and that
the right places are protected to meet our future recreation needs.
c.
Features of a
Planned Burial Ground Layout
Features of a
Planned Burial Ground Layout
A burial ground layout of a community is an area set aide by the
community here dead people are buried. In planning a burial ground, there are major
factors to be considered. The location of the burial should not be close to the
community water source to guide against the outbreak of communicable diseases,
especially for people who died from disease that can be transmitted from the
dead to other people even after death such as Ebola, cholera, etc. A community
burial ground should be effectively managed to avoid burials in existing
graves. In order to do this, locations where people has been buried should be
entered into a register called the burial register, and signage or grave stone
should be placed against each of the already existing graves.
community here dead people are buried. In planning a burial ground, there are major
factors to be considered. The location of the burial should not be close to the
community water source to guide against the outbreak of communicable diseases,
especially for people who died from disease that can be transmitted from the
dead to other people even after death such as Ebola, cholera, etc. A community
burial ground should be effectively managed to avoid burials in existing
graves. In order to do this, locations where people has been buried should be
entered into a register called the burial register, and signage or grave stone
should be placed against each of the already existing graves.
d.
Features of a
Planned Railway Line Layout
Features of a
Planned Railway Line Layout
In
planning the layout for a railway line several factors must be considered, but
most important of the layout but the most important of them all is the terrain.
It must be in gentle sloping areas, free from sharp bends and it must not be in
marshy terrain. In planning fro railway lines, effort must be made to as much as
possible avoid busy residential and industrial areas, to cut down obstructions
and accidents. The railway line station must be located in areas where there
are feeder roads to connect people from different part of the community with
ease to the railway station.
planning the layout for a railway line several factors must be considered, but
most important of the layout but the most important of them all is the terrain.
It must be in gentle sloping areas, free from sharp bends and it must not be in
marshy terrain. In planning fro railway lines, effort must be made to as much as
possible avoid busy residential and industrial areas, to cut down obstructions
and accidents. The railway line station must be located in areas where there
are feeder roads to connect people from different part of the community with
ease to the railway station.
e. Features of Planned Water-bodies, Channels, Tanks,
Rivers, etc.
Rivers, etc.
All water bodies in a community must be protected in making developmental
plant in a community. Coastal bays, lakes, rivers, and streams and groundwater must
be protected to avoid pollution especially water meant for drinking. Planning
for water bodies must include measures to measures to integrate the urban water
cycle, including stormwater, groundwater and wastewater management and water
supply, into urban design to minimise environmental degradation and improve
aesthetic and recreational appeal. This can be done through mapping of source
water areas around the drinking water source, identifying potential contaminant
sources in the mapped protection area that may impact the drinking water supply,
determining the magnitude of the threat posed by the potential sources of
contamination and notifying the public of the results of the assessment.
plant in a community. Coastal bays, lakes, rivers, and streams and groundwater must
be protected to avoid pollution especially water meant for drinking. Planning
for water bodies must include measures to measures to integrate the urban water
cycle, including stormwater, groundwater and wastewater management and water
supply, into urban design to minimise environmental degradation and improve
aesthetic and recreational appeal. This can be done through mapping of source
water areas around the drinking water source, identifying potential contaminant
sources in the mapped protection area that may impact the drinking water supply,
determining the magnitude of the threat posed by the potential sources of
contamination and notifying the public of the results of the assessment.
f. Features of a Planned Prohibited Areas Layout
The term “prohibited
area” or “protected area” are used interchangeably to referred to area
protected from indiscriminate usage by the public. This include protected monuments declared as of
national importance and extending to a distance of 100 meters in all direction.
This is an area in which entrance is based on permission on a condition of
necessity.
area” or “protected area” are used interchangeably to referred to area
protected from indiscriminate usage by the public. This include protected monuments declared as of
national importance and extending to a distance of 100 meters in all direction.
This is an area in which entrance is based on permission on a condition of
necessity.
g.
Road types and connection
Road types and connection
Road types and connections are important for the effective management of
traffic in a community to avoid gridlocks. As plans are developed for new
roads, highways and bridges, or for reconstructing existing facilities, best
management practices to help reduce the volume and concentration of erosion and
sedimentation produced by the project should be incorporated into project
design.
traffic in a community to avoid gridlocks. As plans are developed for new
roads, highways and bridges, or for reconstructing existing facilities, best
management practices to help reduce the volume and concentration of erosion and
sedimentation produced by the project should be incorporated into project
design.
Well planned road and connection are made to prevent hazards to man and
the environment. Poor planning can contribute to pollution problems. Wetlands
and vegetated areas near water bodies can be damaged by construction,
decreasing the water quality benefits that they normally provide. Areas
susceptible to erosion, such as steep slopes or land with loose soil, can be
disturbed, causing increased sedimentation flows into receiving streams. Environmental
features must be effectively planned and incorporated into planning of road network.
This should include analyzing environmental features, such as soils, climate, topography,
drainage patterns, and existing land use. This should take into cognisance of natural drainage
systems and also take advantage clearing and grading can be minimized, areas
susceptible to erosion and sedimentation should be avoided. Natural vegetation and buffer areas can be
preserved, and sensitive land and water areas that provide water quality
benefits (e.g., wetlands, spawning waters, etc.)
the environment. Poor planning can contribute to pollution problems. Wetlands
and vegetated areas near water bodies can be damaged by construction,
decreasing the water quality benefits that they normally provide. Areas
susceptible to erosion, such as steep slopes or land with loose soil, can be
disturbed, causing increased sedimentation flows into receiving streams. Environmental
features must be effectively planned and incorporated into planning of road network.
This should include analyzing environmental features, such as soils, climate, topography,
drainage patterns, and existing land use. This should take into cognisance of natural drainage
systems and also take advantage clearing and grading can be minimized, areas
susceptible to erosion and sedimentation should be avoided. Natural vegetation and buffer areas can be
preserved, and sensitive land and water areas that provide water quality
benefits (e.g., wetlands, spawning waters, etc.)
h.
Wetland
Wetland
An area of land
saturated with water whether seasonally or permanently is referred to as a
wetland. In making plans for wetlands in a community, attention must be paid to
the general
biodiversity data gather information on the status of a focus or target species
such as threatened species. Collect information on the effects of human or
natural disturbance, collect information that is indicative of the general ecosystem health or condition of a specific wetland ecosystem, determine
the potential for sustainable use of biological resources in a particular
wetland ecosystem. In general, wetlands play a number of roles in
the environment, principally water purification, flood control, and shoreline
stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically
diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of
plant and animal life. The main wetland types include swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens; and sub-types
include mangrove, etc.
saturated with water whether seasonally or permanently is referred to as a
wetland. In making plans for wetlands in a community, attention must be paid to
the general
biodiversity data gather information on the status of a focus or target species
such as threatened species. Collect information on the effects of human or
natural disturbance, collect information that is indicative of the general ecosystem health or condition of a specific wetland ecosystem, determine
the potential for sustainable use of biological resources in a particular
wetland ecosystem. In general, wetlands play a number of roles in
the environment, principally water purification, flood control, and shoreline
stability. Wetlands are also considered the most biologically
diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of
plant and animal life. The main wetland types include swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens; and sub-types
include mangrove, etc.
i.
Waste dumpsites/disposal facilities
Waste dumpsites/disposal facilities
Every community, no matter the people living in it must generate waste consequently;
a means of disposal is refuse is paramount. Waste dumpsite or disposal
facilities are sites for the disposal of waste materials this may be
in form of open dumping or by burial which is the oldest form of waste treatment. The
most generally acceptable waste disposal facilities are sanitary landfills
waste disposal method. A well planned landfills are often the most
cost-efficient way to dispose of waste. While resource recovery and incineration both
require extensive investments in infrastructure, and material recovery also requires
extensive manpower to maintain, landfills have fewer fixed—or ongoing—costs,
allowing them to compete favourably.
a means of disposal is refuse is paramount. Waste dumpsite or disposal
facilities are sites for the disposal of waste materials this may be
in form of open dumping or by burial which is the oldest form of waste treatment. The
most generally acceptable waste disposal facilities are sanitary landfills
waste disposal method. A well planned landfills are often the most
cost-efficient way to dispose of waste. While resource recovery and incineration both
require extensive investments in infrastructure, and material recovery also requires
extensive manpower to maintain, landfills have fewer fixed—or ongoing—costs,
allowing them to compete favourably.
k. Low Tension (LT) and High Tension (HT) Electric
Lines
Lines
Electric lines are used to transfer
electricity from one point in the community to another. A low-tension (LT) line
is an electric line supplying voltage of the range of 400 Volts for three-phase
connection and 230 Volts for single-phase connection while a high tension line
is used to supply voltage of 11 kilo-Volts or above. In planning a community,
it is paramount that HT voltage line should be planned to avoid residential
area while the low tension lines which supply voltage to the residential area
should be planned in such a way that buildings are not erected directly under the
low tension lines.
electricity from one point in the community to another. A low-tension (LT) line
is an electric line supplying voltage of the range of 400 Volts for three-phase
connection and 230 Volts for single-phase connection while a high tension line
is used to supply voltage of 11 kilo-Volts or above. In planning a community,
it is paramount that HT voltage line should be planned to avoid residential
area while the low tension lines which supply voltage to the residential area
should be planned in such a way that buildings are not erected directly under the
low tension lines.
k.
Public Parks
Public Parks
A public park is a referred
to as areas marked out in the community for recreation and leisure activities.
These areas are specially identified area free from hazards during leisure and
recreational activities. They are usually located in areas free of traffic,
industrial activities, and so on. Common features of public parks include, boat
ramps and/or picnic facilities, playgrounds,
gardens,
hiking, running and fitness trails or paths, bridle paths,
sports field and courts, public restrooms depending on the budget and natural
features available.
to as areas marked out in the community for recreation and leisure activities.
These areas are specially identified area free from hazards during leisure and
recreational activities. They are usually located in areas free of traffic,
industrial activities, and so on. Common features of public parks include, boat
ramps and/or picnic facilities, playgrounds,
gardens,
hiking, running and fitness trails or paths, bridle paths,
sports field and courts, public restrooms depending on the budget and natural
features available.
l.
Housing, Industrial and Commercial Areas
Housing, Industrial and Commercial Areas
Housing area also referred to
as residential areas which are usually set aside in a community for housing
purposes. This area is usually located in areas free from industrial and heavy
commercial activities. In planning a good residential area, several factors
must be considered which include good road network, access to facilities other
necessary household.
as residential areas which are usually set aside in a community for housing
purposes. This area is usually located in areas free from industrial and heavy
commercial activities. In planning a good residential area, several factors
must be considered which include good road network, access to facilities other
necessary household.
An industrial area is an area
zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park
can be thought of as a more “heavyweight” version of a business park
or office park, which has offices and light
industry, rather than heavy industry. Industrial parks are usually
located on the edges of, or outside the main residential area of a city, and
normally provided with good transportation access, including road and rail.
zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park
can be thought of as a more “heavyweight” version of a business park
or office park, which has offices and light
industry, rather than heavy industry. Industrial parks are usually
located on the edges of, or outside the main residential area of a city, and
normally provided with good transportation access, including road and rail.
Commercial
area is used for
commercial
activities. These activities include the buying and selling of goods
and services in retail
businesses, wholesale
buying and selling, financial establishments, and wide variety of services that
are broadly classified as “business”. Even though these commercial
activities use only a small amount of land, they are extremely important to a
community’s economy.
area is used for
commercial
activities. These activities include the buying and selling of goods
and services in retail
businesses, wholesale
buying and selling, financial establishments, and wide variety of services that
are broadly classified as “business”. Even though these commercial
activities use only a small amount of land, they are extremely important to a
community’s economy.