1. Rain Water Source
Rain
water remains the principle means of recycling and redistributing the earth
water resource. Rainfall provides ready-made water source for domestic use,
except that it contains micro-organism, industrial pollutant and other
atmospheric and soil contaminant over which it passes through. Apart from
providing water for rural uses it contribute significantly to erosion and
pollution through surface run off or even floods which devastate top soil, creating gullies and empty them
into water source.
water remains the principle means of recycling and redistributing the earth
water resource. Rainfall provides ready-made water source for domestic use,
except that it contains micro-organism, industrial pollutant and other
atmospheric and soil contaminant over which it passes through. Apart from
providing water for rural uses it contribute significantly to erosion and
pollution through surface run off or even floods which devastate top soil, creating gullies and empty them
into water source.
Rain
water in its natural state is the purest of water but may pick up impurities from
the atmosphere roof, root guttering and storage tank. Rain water is obtain from
building roof or large catchments areas which can be utilize as source of
drinking water, particularly where there
are no other safe water source available. It is
mostly suitable for countries with reliable rainfall [Olojoba 2009]
water in its natural state is the purest of water but may pick up impurities from
the atmosphere roof, root guttering and storage tank. Rain water is obtain from
building roof or large catchments areas which can be utilize as source of
drinking water, particularly where there
are no other safe water source available. It is
mostly suitable for countries with reliable rainfall [Olojoba 2009]
2. Surface Water Supply
This
include rivers, lakes, stream ponds e.t.c. surface water are easily polluted by
animal, man or through Faecal matters pesticide and agro-chemical from
agricultural activities that is washed into the water through run-off pollution
from rain.
include rivers, lakes, stream ponds e.t.c. surface water are easily polluted by
animal, man or through Faecal matters pesticide and agro-chemical from
agricultural activities that is washed into the water through run-off pollution
from rain.
Olojoba
[2009] stated that surface water is almost always polluted and it is the most
impure source of water supply.
[2009] stated that surface water is almost always polluted and it is the most
impure source of water supply.
River
water is usually pure at the source but collects impurities as it flows through
towns while flowing through human habitations rivers, get polluted with organic
matter industrial waste, drains are often contaminated with pathogenic
organism.
water is usually pure at the source but collects impurities as it flows through
towns while flowing through human habitations rivers, get polluted with organic
matter industrial waste, drains are often contaminated with pathogenic
organism.
Olorunda
et al,[2007], opined that it is not safe for an individual to consume raw or
unpurified water from average lake, brook or river. A concentrated sample of
such water contains bits of wood, fibres of many kinds, dissolved gases
minerals and organic matter from decay of such alga and fungi particles of dirt
and bacterial which can be seen with the aid of microscope. Such water contains
carbon dioxide, ammonia salt, and trace of both natural and synthetic organic
chemicals. All these consist of impurities of surface water rendering it unfit
for human consumption.
et al,[2007], opined that it is not safe for an individual to consume raw or
unpurified water from average lake, brook or river. A concentrated sample of
such water contains bits of wood, fibres of many kinds, dissolved gases
minerals and organic matter from decay of such alga and fungi particles of dirt
and bacterial which can be seen with the aid of microscope. Such water contains
carbon dioxide, ammonia salt, and trace of both natural and synthetic organic
chemicals. All these consist of impurities of surface water rendering it unfit
for human consumption.
3. Underground Water Supply.
Underground
water owners have valuable role to play in ensuring the integrity of their
waters supply. Well owners are responsible for ensuring that their well is
properly managed to prevent supply of unwholesome water they should ensure that
all sanitary measure are put in place to protect the source of water supply.
water owners have valuable role to play in ensuring the integrity of their
waters supply. Well owners are responsible for ensuring that their well is
properly managed to prevent supply of unwholesome water they should ensure that
all sanitary measure are put in place to protect the source of water supply.
The
organization further analyzed that users can protect ground water by changing
their activities around the location of the underground water supply. Olojoba [2009], stated that underground water
is taken as water contain in the water bearing stratum [aquifer]
organization further analyzed that users can protect ground water by changing
their activities around the location of the underground water supply. Olojoba [2009], stated that underground water
is taken as water contain in the water bearing stratum [aquifer]
Unaraye
and Olojoba [2005], opined that ground water can be trapped and raise to the
surface by various means such as borehole or well. Well should be in form of
deep or shallow.
and Olojoba [2005], opined that ground water can be trapped and raise to the
surface by various means such as borehole or well. Well should be in form of
deep or shallow.
Well is
a good source of drinking water in the villages. These are artificially dug
into the earth so as to reach underground water. The deeper the well the purer
the water supplied. This purity implies freedom from pathogenic organism. Deep well
accumulates various chemical from the different strata of soil and water is
likely to become hard.
a good source of drinking water in the villages. These are artificially dug
into the earth so as to reach underground water. The deeper the well the purer
the water supplied. This purity implies freedom from pathogenic organism. Deep well
accumulates various chemical from the different strata of soil and water is
likely to become hard.
References
Olojoba,
A.O [2009], Occupational Safety services and Public Health [ 1st
edition] Ughelli. Ama Ohoror Printing Press
A.O [2009], Occupational Safety services and Public Health [ 1st
edition] Ughelli. Ama Ohoror Printing Press
Olorunda A, Olowaparija.
David. O, Samuel K, Mercie .O. and Adams. [2007]. Monitoring and Modeling
Techniques of Environmental Pollution [1st ed]. Akure; His Mercy
Publisher.
David. O, Samuel K, Mercie .O. and Adams. [2007]. Monitoring and Modeling
Techniques of Environmental Pollution [1st ed]. Akure; His Mercy
Publisher.
Unaraye L.O and
Olojoba A.O [2005].
Fundamental of Industrial and Environmental Health Management. Ughelli. Ama
Ohoror Printing Press.
Olojoba A.O [2005].
Fundamental of Industrial and Environmental Health Management. Ughelli. Ama
Ohoror Printing Press.
