Searching and Search engine

Searching
Searching is a word used in looking for information in
the world wide web making use of the knowledge of keywords and the indexing of
web pages in the world wide web.

Search engines
Search
engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the
World Wide Web. Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors,
search engines also maintain
real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. The search results are generally presented in a
line of results often referred to as
search
engine results pages

(SERPs). The information may be a mix of
web pages, images, and other types of files. Some search
engines also
mine data available in databases or open directories.
A search
engine maintains the following processes of
web crawling, indexing and searching. Web search engines get their
information by
web crawling from site to site. Indexing means associating
words and other definable tokens found on web pages to their domain names. Some
of the techniques for indexing, and
cacheing are trade secrets, whereas web crawling is a
straightforward process of visiting all sites on a systematic basis. In this
case the page may differ from the search terms indexed.
Beyond
simple keyword lookups, search engines offer their own GUI- or command-driven
operators and search parameters to refine the search results. These provide the
necessary controls for the user engaged in the feedback loop users create by filtering and weighting while refining the search results, given the initial
pages of the first search results. Most search engines support the use of the
Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to help end users refine the search query. Boolean operators are for literal searches that
allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks
for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an
advanced feature called
proximity
search
, which
allows users to define the distance between keywords.
The
usefulness of a search engine depends on the
relevance of
the result set it gives back.
The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques
evolve. There are two main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a
system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have
programmed extensively.
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