1.
Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
2.
United Nation Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nation Development Programme (UNDP)
3.
World Council of Churches (WCC)
World Council of Churches (WCC)
4.
ILO
ILO
·
Classify the above into governmental and non-governmental agencies.
Classify the above into governmental and non-governmental agencies.
·
Classify the non-governmental into private and voluntary agencies
Classify the non-governmental into private and voluntary agencies
·
Describe the mode of operation of NGOs
Describe the mode of operation of NGOs
·
Identify the headquarters of the NGOs.
Identify the headquarters of the NGOs.
Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) also known as
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention is governmental (government of the
United States) agency founded on July 1, 1946 in the United States by Dr.
Joseph Mountin. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) is the leading national
public health institute of the United States. The CDC is a federal agency under the Department of
Health and Human Services and is headquartered in unincorporated DeKalb County,
Georgia, a
few miles northeast of the Atlanta city limits.
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention is governmental (government of the
United States) agency founded on July 1, 1946 in the United States by Dr.
Joseph Mountin. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) is the leading national
public health institute of the United States. The CDC is a federal agency under the Department of
Health and Human Services and is headquartered in unincorporated DeKalb County,
Georgia, a
few miles northeast of the Atlanta city limits.
Its
main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of
disease, injury, and disability. The CDC focuses national attention on
developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses
its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety
and health, health promotion, injury prevention and educational activities designed to improve the
health of United States
citizens. In
addition, the CDC researches and provides information on non-infectious
diseases
such as obesity and diabetes and is a founding member of the International Association of National Public Health
Institutes.
main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of
disease, injury, and disability. The CDC focuses national attention on
developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses
its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety
and health, health promotion, injury prevention and educational activities designed to improve the
health of United States
citizens. In
addition, the CDC researches and provides information on non-infectious
diseases
such as obesity and diabetes and is a founding member of the International Association of National Public Health
Institutes.
It has offices in about 170 countries including
Argentina, France, Switzerland, Austria, Brazil, Nigeria, etc. The Centres
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) office in Nigeria was
established in 2001 with its national office in Nigeria at Abuja. The country
director of CDC-Nigeria is Okey Nwanyanwu. The major focus of CDC-Nigeria is
the same with the international focus of CDC which is to provide “Public Health
Excellence for Healthy Nigerians” the office supports the Nigerian Federal
Ministry of Health in the development, implementation, and evaluation of
disease response efforts and programs that contribute to a strengthened public
health infrastructure in Nigeria.
Argentina, France, Switzerland, Austria, Brazil, Nigeria, etc. The Centres
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) office in Nigeria was
established in 2001 with its national office in Nigeria at Abuja. The country
director of CDC-Nigeria is Okey Nwanyanwu. The major focus of CDC-Nigeria is
the same with the international focus of CDC which is to provide “Public Health
Excellence for Healthy Nigerians” the office supports the Nigerian Federal
Ministry of Health in the development, implementation, and evaluation of
disease response efforts and programs that contribute to a strengthened public
health infrastructure in Nigeria.
The
CDC has a foundation called The CDC Foundation which operates independently
from CDC as a private, non-profit organization incorporated in the State of
Georgia. The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of the Public Health
Service Act to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector,
including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and
individuals.
CDC has a foundation called The CDC Foundation which operates independently
from CDC as a private, non-profit organization incorporated in the State of
Georgia. The creation of the Foundation was authorized by section 399F of the Public Health
Service Act to support the mission of CDC in partnership with the private sector,
including organizations, foundations, businesses, educational groups, and
individuals.
Historical Background of the
Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
The Communicable Diseases Centre was founded
July 1, 1946, as the successor to the World War II Malaria Control in War Areas program of the Office of National Defense
Malaria Control Activities.
July 1, 1946, as the successor to the World War II Malaria Control in War Areas program of the Office of National Defense
Malaria Control Activities.
The new agency was a branch of the U.S. Public Health Service and Atlanta was chosen as the location because malaria was endemic in the Southern United States. In
1946, there were only seven medical officers on duty and an early organization chart
was drawn, somewhat fancifully, in the shape of a mosquito. Under Joseph
Mountin, the CDC continued to advocate for public health issues and pushed to
extend its responsibilities to many other communicable diseases.
1946, there were only seven medical officers on duty and an early organization chart
was drawn, somewhat fancifully, in the shape of a mosquito. Under Joseph
Mountin, the CDC continued to advocate for public health issues and pushed to
extend its responsibilities to many other communicable diseases.
The mission of CDC expanded beyond its original
focus on malaria to include sexually transmitted diseases when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter,
Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in
1963 the Immunization program was established. It became the National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC)
effective July 1, 1967. The organization was renamed by appending the words
“and Prevention” to the name effective October 27, 1992. However,
Congress directed that the initialism CDC
be retained because of its name recognition.
focus on malaria to include sexually transmitted diseases when the Venereal Disease Division of the U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS) was transferred to the CDC in 1957. Shortly thereafter,
Tuberculosis Control was transferred (in 1960) to the CDC from PHS, and then in
1963 the Immunization program was established. It became the National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC)
effective July 1, 1967. The organization was renamed by appending the words
“and Prevention” to the name effective October 27, 1992. However,
Congress directed that the initialism CDC
be retained because of its name recognition.
Currently the CDC focus has broadened to include
chronic diseases, disabilities, injury control, workplace hazards, environmental health threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and
other health risks, including birth defects, West Nile virus, obesity, avian, swine, and pandemic flu, E. coli, and bioterrorism, to name a few. The organization would also
prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of penicillin.
chronic diseases, disabilities, injury control, workplace hazards, environmental health threats, and terrorism preparedness. CDC combats emerging diseases and
other health risks, including birth defects, West Nile virus, obesity, avian, swine, and pandemic flu, E. coli, and bioterrorism, to name a few. The organization would also
prove to be an important factor in preventing the abuse of penicillin.
Classification according to
Governmental and Non-Governmental: CDC is a
Governmental agency.
Governmental and Non-Governmental: CDC is a
Governmental agency.
Classification into Non-governmental
Organisation into Private and Voluntary Agencies: CDC is
not a non-governmental organisation.
Organisation into Private and Voluntary Agencies: CDC is
not a non-governmental organisation.
Mode of
Operation of Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
Operation of Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
Ø It works
to protect health and safety by providing information to enhance health
decisions.
to protect health and safety by providing information to enhance health
decisions.
Ø It
promotes health through partnership with state health department and other
organization CDS remains committed its “vision of the healthy people in the
healthy world”.
promotes health through partnership with state health department and other
organization CDS remains committed its “vision of the healthy people in the
healthy world”.
Ø It
implies research and findings to improve people’s daily lives and response to
health emergencies.
implies research and findings to improve people’s daily lives and response to
health emergencies.
Headquarters of CDC: Georgia,
USA
USA
United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is
the United Nations’ global development network founded in 1965. Its headquarter
is at New York, USA. The UNDP is
a private non-governmental agency with 192 member nations which advocates for
change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help
people build a better life. It provides expert advice, training, and grant
support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the
least developed countries.
the United Nations’ global development network founded in 1965. Its headquarter
is at New York, USA. The UNDP is
a private non-governmental agency with 192 member nations which advocates for
change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help
people build a better life. It provides expert advice, training, and grant
support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the
least developed countries.
The UNDP advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge,
experience and resources to help people build a better life. It provides expert
advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing
emphasis on assistance to the least developed
countries. The
status of UNDP is that of an executive board within the United Nations
General Assembly. The UNDP Administrator is the third highest-ranking official of the
United Nations after the United Nations
Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General.
experience and resources to help people build a better life. It provides expert
advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing
emphasis on assistance to the least developed
countries. The
status of UNDP is that of an executive board within the United Nations
General Assembly. The UNDP Administrator is the third highest-ranking official of the
United Nations after the United Nations
Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General.
To
accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty
reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social
development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the
protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its
programmes. The UNDP Human Development Report Office also publishes an annual Human Development
Report
(since 1990) to measure and analyse developmental progress. In addition to a
global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development
Reports.
accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty
reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social
development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the
protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its
programmes. The UNDP Human Development Report Office also publishes an annual Human Development
Report
(since 1990) to measure and analyse developmental progress. In addition to a
global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development
Reports.
UNDP
is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The
organization operates in 177 countries, where it works with local governments
to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to
help countries achieve the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). Currently, the UNDP is one of the main UN agencies involved in
the development of the Post-2015
Development Agenda. UNDP works with nations on their own solutions to global and national
development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people
of UNDP and its wide range of partners.
is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The
organization operates in 177 countries, where it works with local governments
to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to
help countries achieve the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). Currently, the UNDP is one of the main UN agencies involved in
the development of the Post-2015
Development Agenda. UNDP works with nations on their own solutions to global and national
development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people
of UNDP and its wide range of partners.
The
UNDP plays active roles in worldwide in the follow areas:
UNDP plays active roles in worldwide in the follow areas:
·
Democratic governance
·
Poverty reduction
·
Crisis prevention and
recovery
·
Environment and Energy
·
HIV/AIDS
Democratic governance
UNDP supports
national democratic transitions by providing policy advice and technical
support, improving institutional and individual
capacity within countries, educating populations about and advocating for
democratic reforms, promoting negotiation and dialogue, and sharing successful
experiences from other countries and locations. UNDP also supports existing
democratic institutions by increasing dialogue, enhancing national debate, and
facilitating consensus on national governance programmes.
national democratic transitions by providing policy advice and technical
support, improving institutional and individual
capacity within countries, educating populations about and advocating for
democratic reforms, promoting negotiation and dialogue, and sharing successful
experiences from other countries and locations. UNDP also supports existing
democratic institutions by increasing dialogue, enhancing national debate, and
facilitating consensus on national governance programmes.
Poverty
reduction
UNDP helps countries develop strategies to combat poverty by expanding
access to economic opportunities and resources, linking poverty programmes with
countries’ larger goals and policies, and ensuring a greater voice for the
poor. UNDP also works at the macro level to reform trade, encourage debt relief
and foreign investment, and ensure the poorest of the poor benefit from globalisation.
On the ground, UNDP sponsors developmental pilot projects, promotes the
role of women in
development, and coordinates efforts between
governments, NGOs, and outside donors. In this way, UNDP works with local
leaders and governments to provide opportunities for impoverished people to
create businesses and improve their economic condition.
Crisis prevention and
recovery
UNDP works to
reduce the risk of armed
conflicts or disasters, and promote
early recovery after crisis have occurred. UNDP works through its country
offices to support local government in needs assessment, capacity development,
coordinated planning, and policy and standard setting. Examples of UNDP risk
reduction programmes include efforts to control small arms proliferation, strategies to
reduce the impact of natural disasters, and programmes to encourage use of
diplomacy and prevent violence. Recovery programmes include disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, demining efforts, programmes
to reintegrate displaced persons, restoration of basic services, and
transitional justice systems for countries recovering from warfare.
reduce the risk of armed
conflicts or disasters, and promote
early recovery after crisis have occurred. UNDP works through its country
offices to support local government in needs assessment, capacity development,
coordinated planning, and policy and standard setting. Examples of UNDP risk
reduction programmes include efforts to control small arms proliferation, strategies to
reduce the impact of natural disasters, and programmes to encourage use of
diplomacy and prevent violence. Recovery programmes include disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, demining efforts, programmes
to reintegrate displaced persons, restoration of basic services, and
transitional justice systems for countries recovering from warfare.
Environment and
Energy
As the poor are
disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and lack of access to
clean, affordable water, sanitation and energy services, UNDP seeks to address
environmental issues in order to improve developing countries’ abilities to
develop sustainably, increase human development and reduce
poverty. UNDP works with countries to strengthen their capacity to address
global environmental issues by providing innovative policy advice and linking
partners through environmentally sensitive development projects that help poor
people build sustainable livelihoods.
disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and lack of access to
clean, affordable water, sanitation and energy services, UNDP seeks to address
environmental issues in order to improve developing countries’ abilities to
develop sustainably, increase human development and reduce
poverty. UNDP works with countries to strengthen their capacity to address
global environmental issues by providing innovative policy advice and linking
partners through environmentally sensitive development projects that help poor
people build sustainable livelihoods.
UNDP’s
environmental strategy focuses on effective water governance including
access to water supply and sanitation, access to sustainable energy services,
Sustainable land management to combat desertification and land
degradation, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and policies
to control emissions of harmful pollutants and ozone-depleting substances.
UNDP’s Equator Initiative office biennially offers the Equator Prize to recognize
outstanding indigenous community efforts to reduce poverty through the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and thus making local
contributions to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
environmental strategy focuses on effective water governance including
access to water supply and sanitation, access to sustainable energy services,
Sustainable land management to combat desertification and land
degradation, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and policies
to control emissions of harmful pollutants and ozone-depleting substances.
UNDP’s Equator Initiative office biennially offers the Equator Prize to recognize
outstanding indigenous community efforts to reduce poverty through the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and thus making local
contributions to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
HIV/AIDS
UNDP works to
help countries prevent further spreading and reduce its impact, convening The
Global Commission on HIV and the Law which reported in 2012
help countries prevent further spreading and reduce its impact, convening The
Global Commission on HIV and the Law which reported in 2012
Historical Background of UNDP
The UNDP was founded on 22 November 1965 with the
merger of the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance or EPTA, created in
1949, and the United Nations Special Fund, established in 1958. In 1971, the
two organizations were fully combined into UNDP.The rationale was to “avoid
duplication of (their) activities”. The
EPTA was to help the economic and political aspects of underdeveloped countries
while the Special Fund was to enlarge the scope of UN technical assistance.
merger of the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance or EPTA, created in
1949, and the United Nations Special Fund, established in 1958. In 1971, the
two organizations were fully combined into UNDP.The rationale was to “avoid
duplication of (their) activities”. The
EPTA was to help the economic and political aspects of underdeveloped countries
while the Special Fund was to enlarge the scope of UN technical assistance.
The UNDP is the United Nations’ global development
network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge,
experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP operates in
176 countries and territories, working with nations on their own solutions to
global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity,
they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners. Headquartered
in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from
member nations. The organization has country offices in 166 countries, where it
works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local
capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries
achieve the Millennium Development Goals（MDGs）.
network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge,
experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP operates in
176 countries and territories, working with nations on their own solutions to
global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity,
they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners. Headquartered
in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from
member nations. The organization has country offices in 166 countries, where it
works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local
capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries
achieve the Millennium Development Goals（MDGs）.
The advent of the United Nations Convention against
Corruption（UNCAC) on 14 December 2005
brought with it new challenges and opportunities for fighting corruption. As a
result, UNDP experienced a significant increase in requests for technical
assistance and advisory services. This led UNDP to refocus its anti-corruption
priorities using UNCAC as governance and development framework within UNDP’s
mandate of poverty reduction, realization of the MDGs and promotion of
sustainable development.
Corruption（UNCAC) on 14 December 2005
brought with it new challenges and opportunities for fighting corruption. As a
result, UNDP experienced a significant increase in requests for technical
assistance and advisory services. This led UNDP to refocus its anti-corruption
priorities using UNCAC as governance and development framework within UNDP’s
mandate of poverty reduction, realization of the MDGs and promotion of
sustainable development.
Classification in Governmental
and Non-Governmental Agency: UNDP is a non-governmental agency
and Non-Governmental Agency: UNDP is a non-governmental agency
Classification of
Non-governmental into Private and Voluntary Agency: Private
Non-governmental
Non-governmental into Private and Voluntary Agency: Private
Non-governmental
Mode of
Operation of the United Nations Development Agency (UNDP)
Operation of the United Nations Development Agency (UNDP)
The UNDP focuses on helping countries build and share
solutions in four main areas:
solutions in four main areas:
Ø Assist in
Poverty Reduction and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS)
Poverty Reduction and Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS)
Ø Ensuring
and promotion of Democratic Governance
and promotion of Democratic Governance
Ø Assist in
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Ø Encourage
Environment and Energy for Sustainable Development
Environment and Energy for Sustainable Development
Headquarters of UNDP: New York, USA
World
Council of Churches (WCC)
Council of Churches (WCC)
The World Council of Churches (WCC) is an
inter-church voluntary non-governmental agency founded in 1948, with its headquarter
in Geneva, Switzerland.
Its members today include most mainstream Christian churches, except the
Catholic Church. It arose out of the ecumenical movement (movement aimed at the
unification of the Protestant churches of the world and ultimately of all
Christians) and has as its basis the following statement: “The World
Council of Churches is a fellowship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus
Christ as God and Saviour according to the scriptures, and therefore seek to
fulfil together their common calling to the glory of the one God, Father, Son
and Holy Spirit.”
inter-church voluntary non-governmental agency founded in 1948, with its headquarter
in Geneva, Switzerland.
Its members today include most mainstream Christian churches, except the
Catholic Church. It arose out of the ecumenical movement (movement aimed at the
unification of the Protestant churches of the world and ultimately of all
Christians) and has as its basis the following statement: “The World
Council of Churches is a fellowship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus
Christ as God and Saviour according to the scriptures, and therefore seek to
fulfil together their common calling to the glory of the one God, Father, Son
and Holy Spirit.”
The
WCC describes itself as “a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional
and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness
and Christian service.” It is based at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization’s members include denominations which claim to collectively represent some 590
million people across the world in about 150 countries, including 520,000 local
congregations served by 493,000 pastors and priests, in addition to elders,
teachers, members of parish councils and others
WCC describes itself as “a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional
and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness
and Christian service.” It is based at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization’s members include denominations which claim to collectively represent some 590
million people across the world in about 150 countries, including 520,000 local
congregations served by 493,000 pastors and priests, in addition to elders,
teachers, members of parish councils and others
Functions
of World
Council of Churches (WCC)
of World
Council of Churches (WCC)
The primary purpose of the fellowship of
churches in the World Council of Churches is to call one another to visible
unity in one faith and in one Eucharistic fellowship, expressed in worship and
common life in Christ, through witness and service to the world, and to advance
towards that unity in order that the world may believe.
churches in the World Council of Churches is to call one another to visible
unity in one faith and in one Eucharistic fellowship, expressed in worship and
common life in Christ, through witness and service to the world, and to advance
towards that unity in order that the world may believe.
The world Council of Churches in seeking in
faith and life, witness and service, relate with members by:
faith and life, witness and service, relate with members by:
- promoting the prayerful search for forgiveness
and reconciliation in a spirit of mutual accountability, the development
of deeper relationships through theological dialogue, and the sharing of
human, spiritual and material resources with one another; - facilitating common witness in each place and
in all places, and support each other in their work for mission and
evangelism; - expressing their commitment in serving human
need, breaking down barriers between people, promoting one human family in
justice and peace, and upholding the integrity of creation, so that all
may experience the fullness of life
Historical
Background of World Council of Churches (WCC)
Background of World Council of Churches (WCC)
The Ecumenical Movement met with initial successes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
including the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 (chaired by future WCC Honorary President John R. Mott). In 1920, the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern
Orthodox Church, Germanus V of Constantinople, wrote a letter “addressed ‘To all the Churches
of Christ, wherever they may be’, urging closer co-operation among separated
Christians, and suggesting a ‘League of Churches’, parallel to the newly
founded League of Nations“. Church leaders agreed in 1937 to
establish a World Council of Churches, based on a merger of the Faith and Order Movement (under Charles Brent of the Episcopal Church of the United States) and Life and Work Movement (under Nathan Söderblom of the Lutheran Church of Sweden) organisations.
including the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 (chaired by future WCC Honorary President John R. Mott). In 1920, the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern
Orthodox Church, Germanus V of Constantinople, wrote a letter “addressed ‘To all the Churches
of Christ, wherever they may be’, urging closer co-operation among separated
Christians, and suggesting a ‘League of Churches’, parallel to the newly
founded League of Nations“. Church leaders agreed in 1937 to
establish a World Council of Churches, based on a merger of the Faith and Order Movement (under Charles Brent of the Episcopal Church of the United States) and Life and Work Movement (under Nathan Söderblom of the Lutheran Church of Sweden) organisations.
Its official establishment was deferred with the
outbreak of World War II until August 23, 1948. Delegates of 147
churches assembled in Amsterdam to merge the Faith and Order Movement
and Life and Work Movement. This was consolidated by a second meeting at Lund in 1950, for which the British Methodist Robert Newton Flew edited an influential volume of studies, The Nature of the Church.
Subsequent mergers were with the International Missionary Council in
1961 and the World Council of Christian Education, with its roots in the
18th century Sunday School movement, in 1971.
outbreak of World War II until August 23, 1948. Delegates of 147
churches assembled in Amsterdam to merge the Faith and Order Movement
and Life and Work Movement. This was consolidated by a second meeting at Lund in 1950, for which the British Methodist Robert Newton Flew edited an influential volume of studies, The Nature of the Church.
Subsequent mergers were with the International Missionary Council in
1961 and the World Council of Christian Education, with its roots in the
18th century Sunday School movement, in 1971.
WCC member churches include most of the Orthodox Churches; numerous Protestant churches, including the Anglican Communion, some Baptists, many Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian and other Reformed, a sampling of united and independent churches,
and some Pentecostal churches; and some Old Catholic churches. Many churches
who refused to join the WCC joined together to form the World Evangelical Alliance.
and some Pentecostal churches; and some Old Catholic churches. Many churches
who refused to join the WCC joined together to form the World Evangelical Alliance.
Delegates sent from the member churches meet
every seven or eight years in an Assembly, which elects a Central Committee
that governs between Assemblies. A variety of other committees and commissions
answer to the Central Committee and its staff. Assemblies have been held since
1948.
every seven or eight years in an Assembly, which elects a Central Committee
that governs between Assemblies. A variety of other committees and commissions
answer to the Central Committee and its staff. Assemblies have been held since
1948.
The “human rights abuses in communist
countries evoked grave concern among the leaders of the World Council of
Churches.” However, historian Christopher Andrew claims that, during the
Cold War, a number of important WCC representatives of the Orthodox Church in
Eastern Europe had been working for the KGB, and that they influenced the
policy of the WCC. From 1955-1958, Robert S. Bilheimer co-chaired a WCC international commission to prepare a document
addressing the threat of nuclear warfare during the Cold War. At the 1961 conference, a 32-year-old Russian
Orthodox Bishop named Aleksey Ridiger was sent as delegate to the assembly, and
then appointed to the WCC’s central committee. He was later elected as Russian
patriarch in 1990 as Alexei II.
countries evoked grave concern among the leaders of the World Council of
Churches.” However, historian Christopher Andrew claims that, during the
Cold War, a number of important WCC representatives of the Orthodox Church in
Eastern Europe had been working for the KGB, and that they influenced the
policy of the WCC. From 1955-1958, Robert S. Bilheimer co-chaired a WCC international commission to prepare a document
addressing the threat of nuclear warfare during the Cold War. At the 1961 conference, a 32-year-old Russian
Orthodox Bishop named Aleksey Ridiger was sent as delegate to the assembly, and
then appointed to the WCC’s central committee. He was later elected as Russian
patriarch in 1990 as Alexei II.
The ninth assembly took place in Porto Alegre, Brazil in February 2006, under the theme “God, in your grace, transform
the world”. During the first Assemblies, theologians Vasileios Ioannidis and Amilkas Alivizatos contributed significantly to the debates that
led to the drafting of the “Toronto Statement”, a foundational
document which facilitated Eastern Orthodox participation in the organization
and today it constitutes its ecclesiological charter. The 10th Assembly was
held in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 30 October to 8 November 2013.
the world”. During the first Assemblies, theologians Vasileios Ioannidis and Amilkas Alivizatos contributed significantly to the debates that
led to the drafting of the “Toronto Statement”, a foundational
document which facilitated Eastern Orthodox participation in the organization
and today it constitutes its ecclesiological charter. The 10th Assembly was
held in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 30 October to 8 November 2013.
In 2013 Dr. Agnes Abuom of Nairobi, from the Anglican Church of Kenya,
was elected as moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of
Churches; she is the first woman and the first African to hold this position
was elected as moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of
Churches; she is the first woman and the first African to hold this position
Classification into Governmental
and Non-governmental Agencies: WCC is
a non-governmental organisation
and Non-governmental Agencies: WCC is
a non-governmental organisation
Classification
of the Non-Governmental into Private and Voluntary Agencies: Voluntary Agencies
of the Non-Governmental into Private and Voluntary Agencies: Voluntary Agencies
Mode of
Operation of the World Council of Churches (WCC)
Operation of the World Council of Churches (WCC)
Ø
To call the churches to the goal
of visible unity in one faith
To call the churches to the goal
of visible unity in one faith
Ø
To advance towards unity in order
that the world may believe in Christ Jesus
To advance towards unity in order
that the world may believe in Christ Jesus
Ø
To call the churches to the goal
of one Eucharistic fellowship expressed in worship, in common life in Christ.
To call the churches to the goal
of one Eucharistic fellowship expressed in worship, in common life in Christ.
Ø
To foster renewal in unity,
worship, mission and service
To foster renewal in unity,
worship, mission and service
Ø
To promote their common witness
in work for mission and evangelism.
To promote their common witness
in work for mission and evangelism.
Ø
To engage in Christian services
by serving human needs
To engage in Christian services
by serving human needs
Ø
They breakdown barriers between
people seeking for justice and peace and upholding the integrity of creation.
They breakdown barriers between
people seeking for justice and peace and upholding the integrity of creation.
International Labour
Organization (ILO)
Organization (ILO)
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour
standards,
social protection, and work opportunities for all. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is
the only tripartite U.N. agency with government, employer, and worker
representatives. This tripartite structure makes the ILO a unique forum in
which the governments and the social partners of the economy of its Member
States can freely and openly debate and elaborate labour standards and policies.
standards,
social protection, and work opportunities for all. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is
the only tripartite U.N. agency with government, employer, and worker
representatives. This tripartite structure makes the ILO a unique forum in
which the governments and the social partners of the economy of its Member
States can freely and openly debate and elaborate labour standards and policies.
Member States Today the ILO comprises 186 Member States. In
addition to the States which were Members of the International Labour
Organization on 1 November 1945, any original member of the United Nations and
any State admitted to membership of the United Nations by a decision of the
General Assembly may become a Member of the ILO by communicating to the
Director-General its formal acceptance of the obligations of the Constitution
of the Organization.
addition to the States which were Members of the International Labour
Organization on 1 November 1945, any original member of the United Nations and
any State admitted to membership of the United Nations by a decision of the
General Assembly may become a Member of the ILO by communicating to the
Director-General its formal acceptance of the obligations of the Constitution
of the Organization.
The
General Conference of the International Labour Organization may also admit
Members to the Organization by a vote of two-thirds of the delegates attending
the session, including two-thirds of the Government delegates present and
voting.
General Conference of the International Labour Organization may also admit
Members to the Organization by a vote of two-thirds of the delegates attending
the session, including two-thirds of the Government delegates present and
voting.
Classification in Governmental
and Non-Governmental Agency: ILO is a non-governmental agency
and Non-Governmental Agency: ILO is a non-governmental agency
Classification of
Non-governmental into Private and Voluntary Agency: Voluntary
Non-governmental
Non-governmental into Private and Voluntary Agency: Voluntary
Non-governmental
Mode of
Operation of the United Nations Development Agency (UNDP)
Operation of the United Nations Development Agency (UNDP)
- Regulation of the hours of work including the
establishment of a maximum working day and week; - Regulation of labour supply, prevention of
unemployment and provision of an adequate living wage; - Protection of the worker against sickness,
disease and injury arising out of his employment; - Protection of children, young persons and women.
Headquarters of ILO: Geneva, Switzerland.
References
Murphy, C.N. (2006). The
United Nations Development Programme: A Better Way? Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, pp.51–66
United Nations Development Programme: A Better Way? Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, pp.51–66
Odejerho, E. (2014). Lecture
Note on National and International Health Agencies for Health Education. Delta
State School of Health Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli (Unpublished).
Note on National and International Health Agencies for Health Education. Delta
State School of Health Technology, Ofuoma-Ughelli (Unpublished).
Parascandola, J. (1996).
“From MCWA to CDC—origins of the Centres for Disease Control and
Prevention”. Public Health Reports 111 (6): 549–51.
“From MCWA to CDC—origins of the Centres for Disease Control and
Prevention”. Public Health Reports 111 (6): 549–51.
Stokke, O. (2009). The UN
and Development: From Aid to Cooperation, Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press, p.51, 1000
and Development: From Aid to Cooperation, Bloominton and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press, p.51, 1000
VanDaele,
J. (2005). “Engineering Social Peace: Networks, Ideas, and the Founding of
the International Labour Organization”. International Review of Social
History 50 (3): 435–466.
J. (2005). “Engineering Social Peace: Networks, Ideas, and the Founding of
the International Labour Organization”. International Review of Social
History 50 (3): 435–466.
WCC (2013). About us
— World Council of Churches”. From
Retrieved on February 16, 2016. http://oikoumene.org.
— World Council of Churches”. From
Retrieved on February 16, 2016. http://oikoumene.org.
