The environment
is the life support system given by the creator to mankind sometimes in the
past the three components of the environments soil and water where virgin
undisturbed, uncontaminated and socially hospitable but the reverse is the case
today because progress in science and technology is also leading to
environmental degradation and serious ecological unbalance which in the long
run may prove disastrous for mankind (Sharma, 2002).
is the life support system given by the creator to mankind sometimes in the
past the three components of the environments soil and water where virgin
undisturbed, uncontaminated and socially hospitable but the reverse is the case
today because progress in science and technology is also leading to
environmental degradation and serious ecological unbalance which in the long
run may prove disastrous for mankind (Sharma, 2002).
This covers
20,000 km2 within wetland of 70,000km2 formed primarily
by sediment deposition home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic group
this flood plan make up 7.5% of Nigeria total land it is the largest drainage basin
in Africa the delta environment can be broken down into ecological zones,
coastal barrier island, mangrove swamp forest fresh water swamps and lowland
rainforest
20,000 km2 within wetland of 70,000km2 formed primarily
by sediment deposition home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic group
this flood plan make up 7.5% of Nigeria total land it is the largest drainage basin
in Africa the delta environment can be broken down into ecological zones,
coastal barrier island, mangrove swamp forest fresh water swamps and lowland
rainforest
The key
environmental issue in Nigeria is related to its petroleum industry. We witness
the slow poisoning of water and destruction of vegetation and agricultural land
by oil spill which occur during petroleum operation but since the inception of
the oil industry in Nigerian, more than twenty five years ago there has been no
concerned and effective effort on the part of the government let alone operator
to control environmental problem associated with the industry.
environmental issue in Nigeria is related to its petroleum industry. We witness
the slow poisoning of water and destruction of vegetation and agricultural land
by oil spill which occur during petroleum operation but since the inception of
the oil industry in Nigerian, more than twenty five years ago there has been no
concerned and effective effort on the part of the government let alone operator
to control environmental problem associated with the industry.
Factors that
are working against sustainability are discussed below:
are working against sustainability are discussed below:
i.
Oil spill
ii.
Gas
flaring
iii.
Deforestation
iv.
Over fishing
Over fishing
v.
Poor environmental sanitation and
conservation
vi.
Noise vibration
Noise vibration
vii.
Agricultural activities
Agricultural activities
viii.
Energy industry
Energy industry
ix.
Poverty
x.
urbanization
xi.
Over population
Oil spill
The Nigerian
national petroleum cooperation places the quantity of petroleum jettisoned into
the environment yearly at 2,300 public meters with an average of 300 individual
spill annually, however because this amount does not take into account minor
spill, the world bank argues that the true quantity of petroleum spilled into
the environment could b as such as ten time the officially amount
national petroleum cooperation places the quantity of petroleum jettisoned into
the environment yearly at 2,300 public meters with an average of 300 individual
spill annually, however because this amount does not take into account minor
spill, the world bank argues that the true quantity of petroleum spilled into
the environment could b as such as ten time the officially amount
Oil spill are a
common event in delta state half all spill are a occurs due to pipe line and
tanker accident (50%) other causes include sabotage (28%) and oil
production operation (21%) with 1% of
the spill being accounted for by inadequate or non-functional production
equipment.
common event in delta state half all spill are a occurs due to pipe line and
tanker accident (50%) other causes include sabotage (28%) and oil
production operation (21%) with 1% of
the spill being accounted for by inadequate or non-functional production
equipment.
Sabotage and
theft through oil siphoning has become a major issue in delta state as well as
contribution for further environmental degradation damaged likes may go
unnoticed for days and repair of the damage pipes takes even longer. sabotage
performed primarily through bunkering
whereby the saboteur attempt to tap the
pipeline in the process of extraction sometimes the pipeline is damaged or
destroyed oil siphoning has become
a big business with the stolen oil
quickly making it way unto the black market while the popularity of stolen oil increase
the number of death and are increasing oil spillage has a major impact on the
ecosystem into which it is related and may constitute ecocide (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta,
2017).
theft through oil siphoning has become a major issue in delta state as well as
contribution for further environmental degradation damaged likes may go
unnoticed for days and repair of the damage pipes takes even longer. sabotage
performed primarily through bunkering
whereby the saboteur attempt to tap the
pipeline in the process of extraction sometimes the pipeline is damaged or
destroyed oil siphoning has become
a big business with the stolen oil
quickly making it way unto the black market while the popularity of stolen oil increase
the number of death and are increasing oil spillage has a major impact on the
ecosystem into which it is related and may constitute ecocide (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta,
2017).
Environmental
Issues in Niger Delta (2017) noted that the immense tract of the mangrove
forests which are especially susceptible to oil (mainly because it is stored in
the soil and rereleased annually during inundation) have been destroyed an estimated 5 to 10% of mangrove ecosystem have
been wiped out either by settlement or oil. The rainforest which previously
occupied some 7,400km3 of land has disappeared as well. Spill in populated area of ten spread out
over a wide area undergoing crops and aquaculture through the contamination of
the ground water and soil. The consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria
feeding on spilled hydrocarbon also communities often a year supply of food
can be destroyed instantaneously.
Because of the careless nature of oil operation, the environment is growing
increasingly inhabitable. People in the affected areas complain about health
issues including breathing problem and skin lesion may have lost basic human
right such as health, access to road and clean water (Environmental Issues in
Niger Delta, 2017).
Issues in Niger Delta (2017) noted that the immense tract of the mangrove
forests which are especially susceptible to oil (mainly because it is stored in
the soil and rereleased annually during inundation) have been destroyed an estimated 5 to 10% of mangrove ecosystem have
been wiped out either by settlement or oil. The rainforest which previously
occupied some 7,400km3 of land has disappeared as well. Spill in populated area of ten spread out
over a wide area undergoing crops and aquaculture through the contamination of
the ground water and soil. The consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria
feeding on spilled hydrocarbon also communities often a year supply of food
can be destroyed instantaneously.
Because of the careless nature of oil operation, the environment is growing
increasingly inhabitable. People in the affected areas complain about health
issues including breathing problem and skin lesion may have lost basic human
right such as health, access to road and clean water (Environmental Issues in
Niger Delta, 2017).
Gas flaring
Nigeria flares
more natural gas associated with oil extraction than any other country with
estimates suggesting that the 3.5 billion
cubic feet (100,000,000 m3) of associated gas (AG) produced
annually, 2.3 billion cubic feet (70,000,000 m3) or about 70% in wasted by flaring gas flaring releases a large amounts of methane, which has high
global warming potential the methane is accompanied by other major greenhouse
gas carbon dioxide the international
community, the Nigeria government, and the oil
corporation seeing in agreement that gas flaring need to be curtailed
effort to do so, however have been limited although flaring has been declared
illegal since last under section 3 of the associated gas reinjection act” of
Nigeria
more natural gas associated with oil extraction than any other country with
estimates suggesting that the 3.5 billion
cubic feet (100,000,000 m3) of associated gas (AG) produced
annually, 2.3 billion cubic feet (70,000,000 m3) or about 70% in wasted by flaring gas flaring releases a large amounts of methane, which has high
global warming potential the methane is accompanied by other major greenhouse
gas carbon dioxide the international
community, the Nigeria government, and the oil
corporation seeing in agreement that gas flaring need to be curtailed
effort to do so, however have been limited although flaring has been declared
illegal since last under section 3 of the associated gas reinjection act” of
Nigeria
Consequences
Gas flares have
potentially harmful effects on the health and live hood of nearby communities
as they release poisonous chemical including nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,
volatile organ compound like benzene toluene, xylene and hydrogen sulfide as well
as carcinogens like benzapyrene and doxins.
Human exposed to such substance can suffer from respiratory problem these
chemical aggravate asthma cause breathing difficulties and pain as well chronic
bronchitis. Benzenes known to be emitted from gas flare in undocumented
quantities is well recognized as a causes for leukaemia and other blood related
disease (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta, 2017).
potentially harmful effects on the health and live hood of nearby communities
as they release poisonous chemical including nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,
volatile organ compound like benzene toluene, xylene and hydrogen sulfide as well
as carcinogens like benzapyrene and doxins.
Human exposed to such substance can suffer from respiratory problem these
chemical aggravate asthma cause breathing difficulties and pain as well chronic
bronchitis. Benzenes known to be emitted from gas flare in undocumented
quantities is well recognized as a causes for leukaemia and other blood related
disease (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta, 2017).
Gas flares are often close to communities and regularly
lack fencing or protection for villagers who risk working near their heat. Many
communities nearby flares cause acid rain which corrodes their homes and other
structure many of which have zinc-based roofing some people resort to using
asbestos-based material, which is stronger in repelling acid rain
deterioration. Unfortunately, this contributes to them environmental asbestos
exposure and increase the risk of forming lungs cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and asbestosis (Environmental Issues in
Niger Delta, 2017).
lack fencing or protection for villagers who risk working near their heat. Many
communities nearby flares cause acid rain which corrodes their homes and other
structure many of which have zinc-based roofing some people resort to using
asbestos-based material, which is stronger in repelling acid rain
deterioration. Unfortunately, this contributes to them environmental asbestos
exposure and increase the risk of forming lungs cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and asbestosis (Environmental Issues in
Niger Delta, 2017).
Older flares are rarely relocated away from
villages and are known to coat the land and communities with soot and to damage
adjacent vegetation. Almost no vegetation can grow in the area directly
surrounding the flares due to their heat (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta,
2017).
villages and are known to coat the land and communities with soot and to damage
adjacent vegetation. Almost no vegetation can grow in the area directly
surrounding the flares due to their heat (Environmental Issues in Niger Delta,
2017).
Deforestation
Deforestation
is a process where vegetation is cut down without any simultaneous replanting
for economic or social reason. Deforestation has negative implication on the
environment on the environment in terms of soil erosion loss, of biodiversity
ecosystem, loss of wild life and increase desertification, among many reasons
deforestation also has impact on social aspect the state, specifically
regarding economic issues agriculture, conflict and importantly, quality of
life. A study conducted from 1991 to 2003 gathered that there was a temperature
increase in major of 1.1oC (Deforestation in Nigeria, 2017).
is a process where vegetation is cut down without any simultaneous replanting
for economic or social reason. Deforestation has negative implication on the
environment on the environment in terms of soil erosion loss, of biodiversity
ecosystem, loss of wild life and increase desertification, among many reasons
deforestation also has impact on social aspect the state, specifically
regarding economic issues agriculture, conflict and importantly, quality of
life. A study conducted from 1991 to 2003 gathered that there was a temperature
increase in major of 1.1oC (Deforestation in Nigeria, 2017).
Much of the
allowance for deforestation comes from the demand for fuel wood. 90% of the or
Nigeria population stated that they relied on kerosene as main energy source
for cooking but because of is expensive and offer unavailable 60% said they we
fuel wood instead. The usage of fuel wood for cooking is higher in rural areas
of the country where more of the population is concentrated. There are also
increase to people living in rural areas surrounding the process of
deforestation because of a source of income to them extremely high level of
poverty in the state are very much connected to the issue of deforestation (Deforestation
in Nigeria, 2017).
allowance for deforestation comes from the demand for fuel wood. 90% of the or
Nigeria population stated that they relied on kerosene as main energy source
for cooking but because of is expensive and offer unavailable 60% said they we
fuel wood instead. The usage of fuel wood for cooking is higher in rural areas
of the country where more of the population is concentrated. There are also
increase to people living in rural areas surrounding the process of
deforestation because of a source of income to them extremely high level of
poverty in the state are very much connected to the issue of deforestation (Deforestation
in Nigeria, 2017).
Over fishing
Over fishing
occurs when more fish are caught than the population can replace through
natural reproduction gathering is many fish as possible may seem like
profitable practice but overfishing has serious consequences the result not
only affect the balance of life in the oceans but also the social and economic
well being of coastal communities who depend on fish for their way of life.
occurs when more fish are caught than the population can replace through
natural reproduction gathering is many fish as possible may seem like
profitable practice but overfishing has serious consequences the result not
only affect the balance of life in the oceans but also the social and economic
well being of coastal communities who depend on fish for their way of life.
Overfishing of
the coastal area and along Niger river needs to be limited as it threatens to
dive may species to extinction, which could causes food shortages for local
people conservationists warned over fishing has impact on marine communities .
the coastal area and along Niger river needs to be limited as it threatens to
dive may species to extinction, which could causes food shortages for local
people conservationists warned over fishing has impact on marine communities .
Poor environmental sanitation and conservation
Sanitation For All (2017) stated that inadequate
sanitation particularly in the context of urbanization allow for sewage waste
to flow directly into stream rivers lakes and wetlands affecting coastal and
marine ecosystem fouling the environment and exposing millions of children to
disease, improve sanitation reduces environmental recourses and for a
healthier, more secure future for the population
sanitation particularly in the context of urbanization allow for sewage waste
to flow directly into stream rivers lakes and wetlands affecting coastal and
marine ecosystem fouling the environment and exposing millions of children to
disease, improve sanitation reduces environmental recourses and for a
healthier, more secure future for the population
It is most
appropriate to say their lack of proper environmental sanitation control can
affect health and building we are all aware of many collapsed building in
cities like Warri, Abuja, Lagos among many others and many people lose their
lives and property is a result of block drain their lead to flooding or the
buildings. Where there is no clean environment it will lead to mismanagement of
solid waste there is where these waste are generated and disposed into drain
roads, during between building or even kept at home this practiced leads to
environmental pollution many don’t really know the negative effects from solid waste when handle
careless (Ikedikwa, 2017).
appropriate to say their lack of proper environmental sanitation control can
affect health and building we are all aware of many collapsed building in
cities like Warri, Abuja, Lagos among many others and many people lose their
lives and property is a result of block drain their lead to flooding or the
buildings. Where there is no clean environment it will lead to mismanagement of
solid waste there is where these waste are generated and disposed into drain
roads, during between building or even kept at home this practiced leads to
environmental pollution many don’t really know the negative effects from solid waste when handle
careless (Ikedikwa, 2017).
Noise vibration
Environmental noise has been defined as an unwanted or
harmful outdoor sound created by human activity this include noise emitted by
means of transport and from side of industrial activities. Defra (2003)
described noise is sound that is too loud or there is unpleasant or disturb the
listeners.
harmful outdoor sound created by human activity this include noise emitted by
means of transport and from side of industrial activities. Defra (2003)
described noise is sound that is too loud or there is unpleasant or disturb the
listeners.
It is common a experience that some sound around us may interfere with our ability to
concentrate on a task, ability
communicate and interrupt out sleep cause as physiological stress,
contribute to psychological distress and
when sustained and loud enough, contribute to temporary or permanent loss of
hearing (Anomothanran & Osemeikhian, 2005).
concentrate on a task, ability
communicate and interrupt out sleep cause as physiological stress,
contribute to psychological distress and
when sustained and loud enough, contribute to temporary or permanent loss of
hearing (Anomothanran & Osemeikhian, 2005).
The noise situation is caused by trucks Okadas (motorbikes) buses,
luxurious buses, commercial activities industrial activity and the use of
generators. Most people would not recognize noise as an insidious pollutant or
attribute it to any physiological impact, though it is nuisance during
sleeping hours.
luxurious buses, commercial activities industrial activity and the use of
generators. Most people would not recognize noise as an insidious pollutant or
attribute it to any physiological impact, though it is nuisance during
sleeping hours.
Industrial noise
can impact company personnel and the ecosystem of the host environmental by its
numerous psychological effort as well as physiological effect such as noise
induced lost of hearing or aural pain (Avwiri and Nte, 2003).
can impact company personnel and the ecosystem of the host environmental by its
numerous psychological effort as well as physiological effect such as noise
induced lost of hearing or aural pain (Avwiri and Nte, 2003).
Avwiri and Nte (2003)
surveyed the environmental sound quality of selected flow station and reputed
that noise leave status of flow state within the FEPA recommend permissible limits
but on industrial plant area of an oil servicing company involve in pipeline
coating and production the report revealed a noise deviator from FEPA standard
especially in the mechanic coasting yard and sand blasting area.
surveyed the environmental sound quality of selected flow station and reputed
that noise leave status of flow state within the FEPA recommend permissible limits
but on industrial plant area of an oil servicing company involve in pipeline
coating and production the report revealed a noise deviator from FEPA standard
especially in the mechanic coasting yard and sand blasting area.
Onuv (1999)
observed that road traffic noise constitute the largest proportion of
environmental noise. He therefore observed that any meaningful noise abatement
programme must first and foremost be directed toward road traffic noise which
is the major subject of environmental acoustics.
observed that road traffic noise constitute the largest proportion of
environmental noise. He therefore observed that any meaningful noise abatement
programme must first and foremost be directed toward road traffic noise which
is the major subject of environmental acoustics.
Agricultural activities
The
environmental impact of agriculture in the effect their difference farming the
practices have system around them and how those effect can be traced back to
those practices. There are two types of indicators of environmental impact
means based which ill based on the farmers production method and effect base
which is the impact that farming method have on the farming system or on
emissions to the environment (Vander, Hayo, Petit and James, 2015).
environmental impact of agriculture in the effect their difference farming the
practices have system around them and how those effect can be traced back to
those practices. There are two types of indicators of environmental impact
means based which ill based on the farmers production method and effect base
which is the impact that farming method have on the farming system or on
emissions to the environment (Vander, Hayo, Petit and James, 2015).
The main
agricultural system includes shift cultivation (also known as rotational bush
fellow). Perhaps the most widespread and sticking impact of agricultural in
some part is the pervasive replacement of natural floristically diverse forest
ecosystem with monoculture of rubber farms and other agricultural ecosystem
of field crops such as cassava maize and
yam intercropped (Aweto, 2017).
agricultural system includes shift cultivation (also known as rotational bush
fellow). Perhaps the most widespread and sticking impact of agricultural in
some part is the pervasive replacement of natural floristically diverse forest
ecosystem with monoculture of rubber farms and other agricultural ecosystem
of field crops such as cassava maize and
yam intercropped (Aweto, 2017).
Another major
problem associated with agriculture is the loss of biodiversity, burning the
dried slash of cleared vegetation to release nutrient into soil as a result of
frequent burning associated with cultivation farm lard lack many wooding
species also many seed plant are loss due to deforestation and conversion of
rain forest in planting or farm land (Aweto, 2001).
problem associated with agriculture is the loss of biodiversity, burning the
dried slash of cleared vegetation to release nutrient into soil as a result of
frequent burning associated with cultivation farm lard lack many wooding
species also many seed plant are loss due to deforestation and conversion of
rain forest in planting or farm land (Aweto, 2001).
Agriculture has
been shown to produce significance affect on climate change primarily through
the production and release of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane
and nitrogen oxide it addition in addition agriculture their practice tillage
fertilization and pesticides application also release ammonia, nitrate
phosphorus and many other pesticide their affects air, water, soil quality, as
well as biodiversity (Jeremy, 2008).
been shown to produce significance affect on climate change primarily through
the production and release of green house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane
and nitrogen oxide it addition in addition agriculture their practice tillage
fertilization and pesticides application also release ammonia, nitrate
phosphorus and many other pesticide their affects air, water, soil quality, as
well as biodiversity (Jeremy, 2008).
Agriculture alters
the earth land core which can change it ability to absorb or reflect heat and
light, thus contribute to radioactive forces (Vander, 2015).
the earth land core which can change it ability to absorb or reflect heat and
light, thus contribute to radioactive forces (Vander, 2015).
Energy industry
Crude oil
extraction in Nigeria has over the years been associated with massive consequences
on the environment and the surrounding area, which has led to community discomfort.
The various energy source are extracted from the environment and this extract
have consequences on the environment (Aigbedion
& Iyayi, 2007).
extraction in Nigeria has over the years been associated with massive consequences
on the environment and the surrounding area, which has led to community discomfort.
The various energy source are extracted from the environment and this extract
have consequences on the environment (Aigbedion
& Iyayi, 2007).
In Nigeria, environmental
problem are severe particularly in the Niger Delta region of the country. In the
region crude petroleum activities damaged the fertility of the soil and destroy
wildlife and the breeding ground for marine fishes because of the facility of
all and gas. Consequently the indigenous people are improvised, with attendant
increase in environmental abuse occasioned by their struggle for survival (Onwuka,
2006).
problem are severe particularly in the Niger Delta region of the country. In the
region crude petroleum activities damaged the fertility of the soil and destroy
wildlife and the breeding ground for marine fishes because of the facility of
all and gas. Consequently the indigenous people are improvised, with attendant
increase in environmental abuse occasioned by their struggle for survival (Onwuka,
2006).
Overpopulation
Ehrich and
Ehrich (2012) stated that population pressure on natural resources and
environmental pollution such as green gas emission from industries, transportation,
agricultural activities, deforestation and desertification as all associated
with massive population growth.
Ehrich (2012) stated that population pressure on natural resources and
environmental pollution such as green gas emission from industries, transportation,
agricultural activities, deforestation and desertification as all associated
with massive population growth.
Thus
overpopulation is a major contribution to environmental deterioration further
implication to occur population; harm human themselves, each individual added
to population will consume food, waste and energy to secure their needs. World
Health Organization (2010) noted that it is obvious that risky conditions such
as water shortage, polluted air, insufficient sanitation, slum area, and cases
of disease take place in high density population regions rather than less
crowed ones. Science Daily (2009) stated that over population means that we are
putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than we should.
overpopulation is a major contribution to environmental deterioration further
implication to occur population; harm human themselves, each individual added
to population will consume food, waste and energy to secure their needs. World
Health Organization (2010) noted that it is obvious that risky conditions such
as water shortage, polluted air, insufficient sanitation, slum area, and cases
of disease take place in high density population regions rather than less
crowed ones. Science Daily (2009) stated that over population means that we are
putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than we should.
Poverty
Poverty is the
inability to meet ones basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing. It means
that are in unable to meet his or her basic necessities on how
inability to meet ones basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing. It means
that are in unable to meet his or her basic necessities on how
In Niger Delta region
of the country crude petroleum activities damaged the fertility of soil and
destroy wild and the breeding ground for manure fishes because of activity of
oil and gas consequently the indigenous people are impoverished with attendant
increase in environmental abuse occasioned by the struggle for survival. Many farmers
have been force to abandon their farmland and seek non-existent alternative
means of livelihood (Onwuka, 2006).
of the country crude petroleum activities damaged the fertility of soil and
destroy wild and the breeding ground for manure fishes because of activity of
oil and gas consequently the indigenous people are impoverished with attendant
increase in environmental abuse occasioned by the struggle for survival. Many farmers
have been force to abandon their farmland and seek non-existent alternative
means of livelihood (Onwuka, 2006).
All people
regardless of being poor or rich depend on natural resources. The concern with
poor is that they are underutilizing the resources directly .
regardless of being poor or rich depend on natural resources. The concern with
poor is that they are underutilizing the resources directly .
Walsh (2007)
people harvest natural resources for survival due to lack of sufficient income
people start to use and over use every resources available to survive. Many
trees are harvested for fire wood, timber and art craft. Most of the poor
people use this fire wood as the source of income by selling them and art craft
product are also use for income generation the roots are for medical purpose.
This leaves the soil expose as the grass are also grazed by animal and also
collected for roofing the houses, when it rain, the entire top and good are
good soil are eroded which makes it difficult for the soil to produce better
agricultural produce
people harvest natural resources for survival due to lack of sufficient income
people start to use and over use every resources available to survive. Many
trees are harvested for fire wood, timber and art craft. Most of the poor
people use this fire wood as the source of income by selling them and art craft
product are also use for income generation the roots are for medical purpose.
This leaves the soil expose as the grass are also grazed by animal and also
collected for roofing the houses, when it rain, the entire top and good are
good soil are eroded which makes it difficult for the soil to produce better
agricultural produce
Anderson and
Rajul (2007) also stated that poverty is considered as a great influence on
environmental degradation in many regions, over grazing has resulted in
destruction of grazing land floral and soil. Air and water has also been
degraded as the carry capacity for the natural environment has been reduced
Rajul (2007) also stated that poverty is considered as a great influence on
environmental degradation in many regions, over grazing has resulted in
destruction of grazing land floral and soil. Air and water has also been
degraded as the carry capacity for the natural environment has been reduced
Urban developments
John (2009)
discovered that urban development is a primary cause of environmental
degradation as pollution increase so did the land for home and farm, wetland
are drained and prairies are blown all over. Today less than 50 percent of wetlands
still exist. Niger Delta has largest wetlands and maintains the third lager
drainage basic in African (Nwilo & Badejo, 2001).
discovered that urban development is a primary cause of environmental
degradation as pollution increase so did the land for home and farm, wetland
are drained and prairies are blown all over. Today less than 50 percent of wetlands
still exist. Niger Delta has largest wetlands and maintains the third lager
drainage basic in African (Nwilo & Badejo, 2001).
Environmental
sustainability is one of the most urgent of environmental issues as a result of
the damages, the environment never recovers the plant and animal which inhabit the
ecosystem.
sustainability is one of the most urgent of environmental issues as a result of
the damages, the environment never recovers the plant and animal which inhabit the
ecosystem.
Konrad (2008)
discovered that the state have been an increasingly urban society. The change
in land associated with urban development affect flood in many ways, removing vegetation
and soil, grading the land surface and constructing the drainage network which
increase run off to stream from rainfall is as a result of this peak discharges
of volume and frequency of food which increase in nearby streams, changes to
stream channels can limit their capacity to convey flood water. Road, building
constructed in flood prone area are exposed to increase flood hazard including
undulation and erosion.
discovered that the state have been an increasingly urban society. The change
in land associated with urban development affect flood in many ways, removing vegetation
and soil, grading the land surface and constructing the drainage network which
increase run off to stream from rainfall is as a result of this peak discharges
of volume and frequency of food which increase in nearby streams, changes to
stream channels can limit their capacity to convey flood water. Road, building
constructed in flood prone area are exposed to increase flood hazard including
undulation and erosion.
