Difference between qualitative and quantitative analysis

Definition of qualitative analysis

Qualitative analysis involves evaluating information based on stories, social movements, responses and interactions of individuals.

Definition of quantitative analysis

Quantitative analysis involves assessing the outcomes of the population or simply analyzing different groups using numerical or statistical methods.

Differences between qualitative and quantitative analysis

Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis
Qualitative research can be performed on an individual or several groups. This type of research is usually subjective to the group, which means the person collecting the information interprets it according to what he wants to focus on. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, is objective and it is performed on a large number of patients for the results to be credible. The information is collected using objective measurements and diagnostic equipment.
Qualitative research is usually conducted in the subject’s natural setting whenever possible. Quantitative analysis is done in controlled environments where environmental factors which may affect the results are controlled.
The results of qualitative analysis depend on how the researcher wants to approach the analysis. He may decide, for instance, to concentrate on the quality of care given to patients or the age bracket of patients treated in a given period. The end results in quantitative analysis depend purely on the provided information. For instance, if you want to find out how many patients received treatment in the hospital for malaria in a certain year, the result is constant because it is based on numbers.
Data collection in qualitative research is not seldom based on unstructured or semi-structured, but methodologically flexible techniques, e.g. individual depth interviews or group discussions, that are suited to elicit great detail and a comprehensive view Quantitative research uses highly structured, rigid techniques such as online questionnaires, on-street or telephone interviews. Unlike qualitative research, which allows unlimited expression from respondents, quantitative research relies responses to pre-formulated questions.
Qualitative method of analysis involves describing the information through descriptive means. For example a nurse analyzing medical records, for instance, can investigate the medical condition of a certain group of patients and then analyze how they responded to the treatment. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, involves retrieving information in numerical form. The nurse may use the functional Independence measure when collecting information about patients’ functional abilities during their stay in hospital.

Five (5) component of qualitative analysis

  • Usefulness: This refers to the ability to move the research pursuit forward, to take the researcher to the next step.  A useful qualitative research design results in new insights and hypotheses for further investigation.
  • Analyzability: This refers to the ability to analyze outcomes with a high degree of confidence.   A qualitative research design that maximizes credibility, transparency, and usefulness will also maximize the researcher’s ability to provide a meaningful, accurate analysis.
  • Reliability: This refers to the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions. For example, measurements of people’s height and weight are often extremely reliable.
  • Credibility: This refers to the trustworthiness of the outcomes.  A design goal of qualitative research is to provide results that are reasonably known to be true within the particular parameters and limitations of the qualitative method.  Question-answer validity is one technique that fosters credibility.
  • Transparency: This refers to the clarity of the process and the ability to convey specific factors that impact the process.  Qualitative research should be designed with full knowledge of the contribution that each design element makes to the final results.

Five (5) component of quantitative analysis

  1. Hypothesis: Quantitative experiments all use a standard format, with a few minor inter-disciplinary differences, of generating a hypothesis to be proved or disproved.
  2. Control Group: Quantitative are usually planned and compared with control groups to determine changes in the behaviour of certain quantities in an experiment.
  3. Research: Quantitative research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis.
  4. Experiments: Experimental methods limit the possible ways in which a research participant can react to and express appropriate social behaviour.  Findings are therefore likely to be context-bound and simply a reflection of the assumptions which the researcher brings to the investigation.
  5. Results: This is the final information or changes in a particular quantity or quantities after an experiment.
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Steven Gleason
Steven Gleason
30 June 2020 6:31 AM

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