Health

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): What Patients Need to Know

Mubashir Ahmad14 hours ago14 hours ago07 mins

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat severe coronary artery disease (CAD). When the arteries supplying blood to the heart become blocked or narrowed due to plaque buildup, CABG helps restore normal blood flow by creating a new route using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body.

Why is CABG Needed?

CABG is recommended for individuals with severe heart blockages that cannot be managed with medication or less invasive procedures like angioplasty. Some common reasons why a doctor may suggest bypass surgery include:

Significant narrowing or blockage in multiple coronary arteries.
Persistent chest pain despite medications and lifestyle changes.
A history of heart attacks caused by blocked arteries.

How CABG Works

CABG surgery involves using a healthy blood vessel—usually taken from the leg (saphenous vein), arm (radial artery), or chest (internal mammary artery)—to bypass the blocked coronary artery. The surgeon attaches one end of the graft to the aorta and the other end beyond the blockage, creating a new pathway for oxygenated blood to reach the heart. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes 3 to 6 hours, depending on the number of blockages being bypassed.

Types of CABG Procedures

The number of bypasses needed depends on how many arteries are blocked:

Single Bypass: One blocked artery is bypassed.
Double Bypass: Two blocked arteries are bypassed.
Triple Bypass: Three blocked arteries are bypassed.
Quadruple Bypass: Four blocked arteries are bypassed.

Preparing for CABG

Before undergoing CABG, patients must go through an in-depth evaluation, such as:

Blood tests to check overall health.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram to assess heart function.
Coronary angiography to map the extent of blockages.
Stopping certain medications that may increase surgical risks.

What to Expect During the Surgery

On the day of surgery, patients are given general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the chest, typically through the breastbone, to access the heart. The heart may be temporarily stopped, and a heart-lung machine takes over its function during the procedure. In some cases, off-pump CABG is performed, where the surgery is conducted while the heart is still beating. Once the bypass grafts are in place, the chest is closed, and the patient is moved to the ICU for monitoring.

Post-surgery Recovery

Recovery after the surgery occurs in phases- hospital stay and home care.

Patients typically stay in the hospital for 5-7 days, with the first 24-48 hours in the ICU.
Breathing exercises and physical movement start early to prevent complications.
Pain management and wound care are essential in the first few weeks.
At home, patients need to follow a strict rehabilitation plan, including dietary changes, light physical activity, and regular follow-ups with their doctor.

Lifestyle Changes After CABG for Long-term Health

CABG is not a permanent cure but a second chance at leading a healthier life. Long-term success depends on making the right lifestyle changes:

Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats while reducing salt and processed foods.
Gradually increasing physical activity strengthens the heart.
Taking prescribed medications to prevent future blockages.
Avoiding tobacco use is critical for maintaining heart health.

Chennai has gained recognition as a major center for cardiac care, offering quality hospitals, skilled surgeons, and advanced medical technology. The city has some of India’s leading heart institutes, known for their expertise in minimally invasive and robotic-assisted bypass surgeries. If you’re considering surgery, bypass surgery in Chennai provides quality treatment with an overall post-operative care.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery is a procedure for individuals with severe heart blockages. Though the surgery itself is highly effective, long-term heart health depends on post-surgery care, lifestyle modifications, and regular medical check-ups. Understanding the procedure, preparing for surgery, and committing to a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly improve recovery and your overall quality of life.

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