Knowledge, Attitudes
and Practices Survey on Early Nurturing of Children
and Practices Survey on Early Nurturing of Children
Generating Baselines
on Existing Attitudes and Good Practices in Parenting, Nurturing and Child
Stimulation
on Existing Attitudes and Good Practices in Parenting, Nurturing and Child
Stimulation
I. Background
In January 2012, the
Government of Rwanda launched the “Joint Action Plan for the Elimination
of Malnutrition. This strategic document plots a course towards addressing the
root causes of malnutrition and places a strong emphasis on behaviour change,
particularly vis a vis feeding practices at the family level.
Government of Rwanda launched the “Joint Action Plan for the Elimination
of Malnutrition. This strategic document plots a course towards addressing the
root causes of malnutrition and places a strong emphasis on behaviour change,
particularly vis a vis feeding practices at the family level.
A healthy pregnancy
and the early years of a child’s life are critical to addressing the phenomenon
of malnutrition. The multi-sectoral approach articulated in the Joint Action
Plan as well as the national policy on Early Childhood Development recognize
the importance of the role of the family to give young children the best
possible start in life through promoting good parenting practices, nurturing,
hygiene, nutrition, stimulation, and promoting the right of every child to grow
up to develop to his or her full potential.
and the early years of a child’s life are critical to addressing the phenomenon
of malnutrition. The multi-sectoral approach articulated in the Joint Action
Plan as well as the national policy on Early Childhood Development recognize
the importance of the role of the family to give young children the best
possible start in life through promoting good parenting practices, nurturing,
hygiene, nutrition, stimulation, and promoting the right of every child to grow
up to develop to his or her full potential.
As part of its
support to communication initiatives outlined in the Joint Action Plan, in
particular the campaign “One Thousand Days in the Land of a Thousand
Hills”, UNICEF is supporting the Government of Rwanda to conduct a
Knowledge, Attitudes and Knowledge (KAP) survey among parents of children under
the age of 6 years, to generate and consolidate information on existing
attitudes and good practices in parenting and nurturing and child stimulation.
While important empirical data exist (RDHS 2010, EICV 4), and there are some
indications of lack of awareness of how to provide good nutrition to children
(Kabeho Mwana, 2008 and Phase I study In Home Fortification with Micronutrient
Powder, 2011) the results of the KAP survey will provide crucial additional
information on attitudes towards nutrition and upbringing of children.
Moreover, the KAP will have a multiplier effect by helping to establish
baselines for continuous monitoring of broader trends around the early years of
a child’s life. .
support to communication initiatives outlined in the Joint Action Plan, in
particular the campaign “One Thousand Days in the Land of a Thousand
Hills”, UNICEF is supporting the Government of Rwanda to conduct a
Knowledge, Attitudes and Knowledge (KAP) survey among parents of children under
the age of 6 years, to generate and consolidate information on existing
attitudes and good practices in parenting and nurturing and child stimulation.
While important empirical data exist (RDHS 2010, EICV 4), and there are some
indications of lack of awareness of how to provide good nutrition to children
(Kabeho Mwana, 2008 and Phase I study In Home Fortification with Micronutrient
Powder, 2011) the results of the KAP survey will provide crucial additional
information on attitudes towards nutrition and upbringing of children.
Moreover, the KAP will have a multiplier effect by helping to establish
baselines for continuous monitoring of broader trends around the early years of
a child’s life. .
II. Purpose,
objectives and scope
objectives and scope
The main purpose of
this KAP survey on early nurturing of children is to generate and document
evidence on existing attitudes and practices towards young children in order to
inform:
this KAP survey on early nurturing of children is to generate and document
evidence on existing attitudes and practices towards young children in order to
inform:
1. The nationwide
campaign, “A Thousand Days in the Land of a Thousand Hills” aimed at
raising awareness nation-wide on family and child feeding practices in the
first one thousand days of a child’s life which are critical to preventing
stunting. The “Thousand Days” campaign will be reaching down to the
household/family level, and therefore it is essential to have baseline
information on attitudes of families towards child rearing.
campaign, “A Thousand Days in the Land of a Thousand Hills” aimed at
raising awareness nation-wide on family and child feeding practices in the
first one thousand days of a child’s life which are critical to preventing
stunting. The “Thousand Days” campaign will be reaching down to the
household/family level, and therefore it is essential to have baseline
information on attitudes of families towards child rearing.
2. “Every Child
Needs a Family” a future campaign to create awareness on the importance of
all children growing up in families in the effort to provide alternative family
care for all children currently residing in orphanages. The survey will gather
data about the family, education of parents and care givers, antenatal care
during pregnancy, attitudes towards breast feeding and nutrition, child care
and protection against injury, violence and abuse, health care and hygiene,
children with disabilities, pre-school education and readiness for school,
methods used to stimulate young children, story-telling, foster care and
adoption and support to poor families, etc. The approach will be based on
established KAP surveys and methodologies, adapted to the Rwandan context. The
findings and recommendations will help to define appropriate family- and
community-level approaches and investments for optimum wellbeing in the early
years of a child’s life in support of Rwanda’s long-term vision for children
and national development. The main users of the report will be Government
policy makers, district and community leaders, UN agencies and other
stakeholders involved in the area of child rights promotion. The survey will
also generate information that may be used in the preparation of the
EDPRS-2,and other key strategic planning documents..
Needs a Family” a future campaign to create awareness on the importance of
all children growing up in families in the effort to provide alternative family
care for all children currently residing in orphanages. The survey will gather
data about the family, education of parents and care givers, antenatal care
during pregnancy, attitudes towards breast feeding and nutrition, child care
and protection against injury, violence and abuse, health care and hygiene,
children with disabilities, pre-school education and readiness for school,
methods used to stimulate young children, story-telling, foster care and
adoption and support to poor families, etc. The approach will be based on
established KAP surveys and methodologies, adapted to the Rwandan context. The
findings and recommendations will help to define appropriate family- and
community-level approaches and investments for optimum wellbeing in the early
years of a child’s life in support of Rwanda’s long-term vision for children
and national development. The main users of the report will be Government
policy makers, district and community leaders, UN agencies and other
stakeholders involved in the area of child rights promotion. The survey will
also generate information that may be used in the preparation of the
EDPRS-2,and other key strategic planning documents..
Objectives:
The KAP survey on
early nurturing of children will create better understanding of existing
attitudes and practices on breast feeding and nutrition, child care and
protection, health care and hygiene, children with disabilities, pre-school
education, stimulation of young children, foster care and adoption and support
to poor families, etc.
early nurturing of children will create better understanding of existing
attitudes and practices on breast feeding and nutrition, child care and
protection, health care and hygiene, children with disabilities, pre-school
education, stimulation of young children, foster care and adoption and support
to poor families, etc.
In particular, the survey will:
1. Generate and
document existing knowledge, attitudes and practices on ECD and the family
(parenting, nurturing, nutrition, health care and hygiene,
deinstitutionalization, protection, and stimulation of children) in Rwanda
document existing knowledge, attitudes and practices on ECD and the family
(parenting, nurturing, nutrition, health care and hygiene,
deinstitutionalization, protection, and stimulation of children) in Rwanda
2. Describe
vulnerabilities and gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices among different
socio-economic groupings and geographic areas of Rwanda.
vulnerabilities and gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices among different
socio-economic groupings and geographic areas of Rwanda.
3. Generate baseline
data on existing attitudes and practices in early childhood development and as
part of a framework for monitoring progress.
data on existing attitudes and practices in early childhood development and as
part of a framework for monitoring progress.
4. Provide essential data for
formulation of key messages and required areas of focus for the “Thousand
Days” campaign as well as the “Every Child Needs a Family”
campaign.
formulation of key messages and required areas of focus for the “Thousand
Days” campaign as well as the “Every Child Needs a Family”
campaign.
Scope:
This assignment aims
to generate and document information on attitudes and practices on early
nurturing of children in Rwanda through conducting a survey on a sample of
households, and using available data and reports. The survey will be conducted
with an equity lens to identify different approaches in different regions and
among different socio-economic groups. Additional data may be gathered,
especially from children’s centres, and agencies working in the area of child
rights protection/promotion. The identified consultant(s) will work with a lead
researcher in the Ministry of Health to develop a conceptual framework, review
relevant literature, design appropriate research tools, undertake data analysis
on identified issues and prepare draft and final reports for discussion with
stakeholders. Relevant hypotheses on ECD and the family and identified/observed
attitudes and practices will be developed and tested with the data. A capacity
analysis of families and communities to implement recommended measures to
promote ECD will be conducted. The consultant(s) will be expected to
familiarize him/herself with the objectives of the survey through consultations
with Government partners, UNICEF staff and other stakeholders.
to generate and document information on attitudes and practices on early
nurturing of children in Rwanda through conducting a survey on a sample of
households, and using available data and reports. The survey will be conducted
with an equity lens to identify different approaches in different regions and
among different socio-economic groups. Additional data may be gathered,
especially from children’s centres, and agencies working in the area of child
rights protection/promotion. The identified consultant(s) will work with a lead
researcher in the Ministry of Health to develop a conceptual framework, review
relevant literature, design appropriate research tools, undertake data analysis
on identified issues and prepare draft and final reports for discussion with
stakeholders. Relevant hypotheses on ECD and the family and identified/observed
attitudes and practices will be developed and tested with the data. A capacity
analysis of families and communities to implement recommended measures to
promote ECD will be conducted. The consultant(s) will be expected to
familiarize him/herself with the objectives of the survey through consultations
with Government partners, UNICEF staff and other stakeholders.
III. Methodology and
expected results
expected results
The knowledge,
attitudes and practices survey of the ECD and the Family in Rwanda will be
implemented on a sample of at least 3,000 households drawn from across the
country. The consultant will work with the lead researcher at the Ministry of
Health to design and implement a comprehensive questionnaire for the survey to
capture the key issues on ECD and the family, based on existing KAP surveys.
Available national reports and policy documents including the ECD Policy and
Strategic Plan, education Sector Strategic Plan, preliminary DHS 2010 report,
the CRC 2010 report, Integrated Child Rights Policy, the Sector Working Groups
Review Reports, etc. will be reviewed. International publication on ECD
including, but not limited to World Bank reports, country reports from the
region and other areas, etc. may also be reviewed. A participatory approach
including working with a lead researcher from the Ministry of Health and
involving key central government stakeholders, district and community leaders,
development partners, civil society organizations, faith-based organisations,
families and communities will participate is recommended. In all cases, and in
as much as possible, identified knowledge, attitudes and practices will be
disaggregated by age group (pre-birth, 0-2 years and 3-6 years), sex,
disability, location (rural/urban and province) and socio-economic groupings.
Within the age groups, the survey will address, but will not be limited to the
issues indicated in table 1: Table 1: ECD and the Family – Knowledge, Attitudes
and Practices by child age group Age group Possible areas of inquiry Pre-birth
Knowledge and attitudes on: ante-natal care, birth in health facility,
nutrition, lessons on child birth, breastfeeding immediately after birth,
health care and hygiene… Age 0-2 years Knowledge, attitudes practices on:
vaccination, birth registration, breastfeeding and nutrition, neonatal and
infant morbidity, hygiene, ECD/parental education, early stimulation,
disciplining children, story-telling/talking to children, fostering, adoption,
support to poor families with children, … Age 3-6 years Knowledge, attitudes
practices on: nutrition, morbidity, health care, hygiene and sanitation,
mosquito net utilization, birth registration, ECD/parental education, early
stimulation, protection against injury/violence/abuse, community interventions,
community ECD centres, story-telling, disciplining children, adoption and
support to poor families … Cross-cutting issues Knowledge, attitudes practices
on: vulnerable children – orphans, children with disabilities; early identification
of disabilities, … Contextual aspects Poverty, education levels of parents/care
givers, urban/ rural localization, access to safe water and adequate
sanitation, quality/quantity of community facilities (basic health centres and
pre-school availability; access to economic opportunities).
attitudes and practices survey of the ECD and the Family in Rwanda will be
implemented on a sample of at least 3,000 households drawn from across the
country. The consultant will work with the lead researcher at the Ministry of
Health to design and implement a comprehensive questionnaire for the survey to
capture the key issues on ECD and the family, based on existing KAP surveys.
Available national reports and policy documents including the ECD Policy and
Strategic Plan, education Sector Strategic Plan, preliminary DHS 2010 report,
the CRC 2010 report, Integrated Child Rights Policy, the Sector Working Groups
Review Reports, etc. will be reviewed. International publication on ECD
including, but not limited to World Bank reports, country reports from the
region and other areas, etc. may also be reviewed. A participatory approach
including working with a lead researcher from the Ministry of Health and
involving key central government stakeholders, district and community leaders,
development partners, civil society organizations, faith-based organisations,
families and communities will participate is recommended. In all cases, and in
as much as possible, identified knowledge, attitudes and practices will be
disaggregated by age group (pre-birth, 0-2 years and 3-6 years), sex,
disability, location (rural/urban and province) and socio-economic groupings.
Within the age groups, the survey will address, but will not be limited to the
issues indicated in table 1: Table 1: ECD and the Family – Knowledge, Attitudes
and Practices by child age group Age group Possible areas of inquiry Pre-birth
Knowledge and attitudes on: ante-natal care, birth in health facility,
nutrition, lessons on child birth, breastfeeding immediately after birth,
health care and hygiene… Age 0-2 years Knowledge, attitudes practices on:
vaccination, birth registration, breastfeeding and nutrition, neonatal and
infant morbidity, hygiene, ECD/parental education, early stimulation,
disciplining children, story-telling/talking to children, fostering, adoption,
support to poor families with children, … Age 3-6 years Knowledge, attitudes
practices on: nutrition, morbidity, health care, hygiene and sanitation,
mosquito net utilization, birth registration, ECD/parental education, early
stimulation, protection against injury/violence/abuse, community interventions,
community ECD centres, story-telling, disciplining children, adoption and
support to poor families … Cross-cutting issues Knowledge, attitudes practices
on: vulnerable children – orphans, children with disabilities; early identification
of disabilities, … Contextual aspects Poverty, education levels of parents/care
givers, urban/ rural localization, access to safe water and adequate
sanitation, quality/quantity of community facilities (basic health centres and
pre-school availability; access to economic opportunities).
IV. Expected results:
The survey will
generate a comprehensive report on the existing knowledge, attitudes and
practices in parenting, nurturing, nutrition, health care and hygiene,
protection, and stimulation of children, etc. in Rwanda.. Using the equity
approach, the survey will highlight some of the vulnerabilities and gaps in
knowledge, attitudes and practices among different socio-economic groupings and
geographic areas of Rwanda.
generate a comprehensive report on the existing knowledge, attitudes and
practices in parenting, nurturing, nutrition, health care and hygiene,
protection, and stimulation of children, etc. in Rwanda.. Using the equity
approach, the survey will highlight some of the vulnerabilities and gaps in
knowledge, attitudes and practices among different socio-economic groupings and
geographic areas of Rwanda.
The specific results
include:
include:
1. Elaboration of
existing knowledge, attitudes and practices in parenting, nurturing, nutrition,
health care and hygiene, protection, and stimulation of children in Rwanda;
existing knowledge, attitudes and practices in parenting, nurturing, nutrition,
health care and hygiene, protection, and stimulation of children in Rwanda;
2. A description of
vulnerabilities and gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices among different
socio-economic groupings and geographic areas of Rwanda;
vulnerabilities and gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practices among different
socio-economic groupings and geographic areas of Rwanda;
3. Baselines on
existing attitudes and practices on early childhood development and a framework
for monitoring progress, and data for the formulation of key messages and
required areas of focus for the national campaigns on: “Thousand
Days” and “Every Child Needs a Family.”
existing attitudes and practices on early childhood development and a framework
for monitoring progress, and data for the formulation of key messages and
required areas of focus for the national campaigns on: “Thousand
Days” and “Every Child Needs a Family.”
V. Deliverables
The consultants will
develop a conceptual framework including a detailed methodology, research
instruments, work plan and analytical plan. The consultant will prepare and
present draft reports and final reports to be discussed by stakeholders.
Summary reports and reference materials will also be prepared.
develop a conceptual framework including a detailed methodology, research
instruments, work plan and analytical plan. The consultant will prepare and
present draft reports and final reports to be discussed by stakeholders.
Summary reports and reference materials will also be prepared.
The specific
deliverables include:
deliverables include:
1. Conceptual
framework with the consultant’s interpretation of the ToR, detailed
methodology, research instruments and work plan.
framework with the consultant’s interpretation of the ToR, detailed
methodology, research instruments and work plan.
2. Analytical plan
including data analysis and a description of the possibilities and challenges
in terms of data analysis and reporting.
including data analysis and a description of the possibilities and challenges
in terms of data analysis and reporting.
3. A draft report and
power point presentation highlighting the preliminary results for discussion
with stakeholders including full analysis of all the critical areas agreed upon
at the start of the consultancy.
power point presentation highlighting the preliminary results for discussion
with stakeholders including full analysis of all the critical areas agreed upon
at the start of the consultancy.
4. A revised report
highlighting the results and recommendations and incorporating earlier comments
of stakeholders for further discussion.
highlighting the results and recommendations and incorporating earlier comments
of stakeholders for further discussion.
5. A final report
detailing the results and recommendations.
detailing the results and recommendations.
6. Summary report and
annex with reference materials.
annex with reference materials.
VI. Duration,
Administration and Reporting
Administration and Reporting
The assignment will
be for 2 months with effect from the time of signing of the contract. The
consultants will be responsible for setting up meetings with the appropriate
government counterparts, district and community leaders, families, children’s
centres and stakeholders working in the area of child rights promotion. The
draft and final reports will be shared with and validated by key stakeholders
including the Ministries of Health, Gender and Family Promotion, and that of
Education, the National Commission for Children, National Institute of
Statistics of Rwanda, UN agencies and NGOs working in the area of child rights
protection. UNICEF will cover the consultant’s fees (at a rate to be agreed),
costs of travel, per diem and all logistics that may be incurred by the
consultant in the process of undertaking this assignment. The contract will be
signed between the consultant and UNICEF on the ToRs. On the UNICEF side, the
consultant will report to the Social Policy Manager for issues relating to the
management of the contract. The consultant will be governed by the UN rules and
regulations.
be for 2 months with effect from the time of signing of the contract. The
consultants will be responsible for setting up meetings with the appropriate
government counterparts, district and community leaders, families, children’s
centres and stakeholders working in the area of child rights promotion. The
draft and final reports will be shared with and validated by key stakeholders
including the Ministries of Health, Gender and Family Promotion, and that of
Education, the National Commission for Children, National Institute of
Statistics of Rwanda, UN agencies and NGOs working in the area of child rights
protection. UNICEF will cover the consultant’s fees (at a rate to be agreed),
costs of travel, per diem and all logistics that may be incurred by the
consultant in the process of undertaking this assignment. The contract will be
signed between the consultant and UNICEF on the ToRs. On the UNICEF side, the
consultant will report to the Social Policy Manager for issues relating to the
management of the contract. The consultant will be governed by the UN rules and
regulations.
VII. Payment
arrangements
arrangements
The consultant will
be paid in four installments are follows: 1. 25% of the contract amount after
signing contract and delivery of an acceptable conceptual framework with the
consultant’s interpretation of the ToR, detailed methodology and work plan. 2.
25% upon delivery of an acceptable draft report highlighting the preliminary
results. 3. 25% upon delivery of an acceptable revised report highlighting the
results and recommendations and incorporating earlier comments. 4. 25% upon
delivery of an acceptable final report detailing the results and
recommendations; summary report and reference materials.
be paid in four installments are follows: 1. 25% of the contract amount after
signing contract and delivery of an acceptable conceptual framework with the
consultant’s interpretation of the ToR, detailed methodology and work plan. 2.
25% upon delivery of an acceptable draft report highlighting the preliminary
results. 3. 25% upon delivery of an acceptable revised report highlighting the
results and recommendations and incorporating earlier comments. 4. 25% upon
delivery of an acceptable final report detailing the results and
recommendations; summary report and reference materials.
VIII. Qualifications
ï¶ A consulting
firm/research institution, with a minimum of 7 years of demonstrable experience
in qualitative research, data analysis and reporting with a focus on child
development and education, and experience of undertaking surveys in Rwanda;
firm/research institution, with a minimum of 7 years of demonstrable experience
in qualitative research, data analysis and reporting with a focus on child
development and education, and experience of undertaking surveys in Rwanda;
ï¶ Demonstrable experience in the conduct of
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices surveys, developing qualitative research
tools and implementing such research and experience in the conduct of Household
Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys, especially in developing countries;
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices surveys, developing qualitative research
tools and implementing such research and experience in the conduct of Household
Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys, especially in developing countries;
ï¶ Ability to use key data analysis software
e.g. STATA, SPSS, CSPro, SAS, etc.
e.g. STATA, SPSS, CSPro, SAS, etc.
ï¶ Excellent
communication skills; ability to explain complex concepts in a simple manner;
and
communication skills; ability to explain complex concepts in a simple manner;
and
ï¶ Excellent command of English, both spoken
and written. Knowledge of French and/or Kinyarwanda will be an advantage.
and written. Knowledge of French and/or Kinyarwanda will be an advantage.
How to apply:
Please send your CV,
P11 and copy of degrees to rwajobs@unicef.org and copy to bkampirwa@unicef.org
.
P11 and copy of degrees to rwajobs@unicef.org and copy to bkampirwa@unicef.org
.
Closing
Date: Friday, 04 May 2012
Date: Friday, 04 May 2012