Introduction

According to Medline plus (2012) Renal failure also
kidney failure or renal insufficiency is a medical condition in which the
kidney fails to adequately filter waste product from the blood. Renal failure
is mainly determined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, the rate at
which blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidney. This is detected by a
decrease in or absence of urine production or determination of waste product
(creatinine or urea) in the blood. Depending on the cause hematuria (blood loss
in urine) and proteinuria (protein loss in the urine) may be noted.

In renal failure, there may be problems with
increased fluid in the body (leading to swelling), increased acid level, raised
level of potassium, decreased level of calcium, increased level of phosphate,
and in later stages anemia. Bone health may also be affected long terms kidney
problem are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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