Traditionally
wells are an important source of water supply even today; they are an important
source of water supply in many communities. Technically, wells are of two kinds’
shallow wells and deep wells.
wells are an important source of water supply even today; they are an important
source of water supply in many communities. Technically, wells are of two kinds’
shallow wells and deep wells.
Shallow wells: Shallow wells tap subsoil water i.e. the
water from above, the first impervious layer in the ground they yield limited
quantities of water.
water from above, the first impervious layer in the ground they yield limited
quantities of water.
Shallow
well are seasonal in nature. They dry up during the dry season. The shallow
wells are open to pollution and contamination due to surface wash and other contaminants.
For domestic use, water from shallow wells must be subjected to purification.
well are seasonal in nature. They dry up during the dry season. The shallow
wells are open to pollution and contamination due to surface wash and other contaminants.
For domestic use, water from shallow wells must be subjected to purification.
Deep wells: A deep well is one which taps water
from the water bearing stratum below the first impervious layer in the ground.
Deep wells are usually machine-dug and may be several hundred meters deep. The
yield of water from this type of well is large and reliable because it is not
affected by fluctuation in water level. The water supply from these sources is
of good quality because much of the pollution is removed due to the time it
takes to travel or percolate down to second acquifer stratum.
from the water bearing stratum below the first impervious layer in the ground.
Deep wells are usually machine-dug and may be several hundred meters deep. The
yield of water from this type of well is large and reliable because it is not
affected by fluctuation in water level. The water supply from these sources is
of good quality because much of the pollution is removed due to the time it
takes to travel or percolate down to second acquifer stratum.
Disadvantages of shallow wells
1.
Unsafe
for human consumption
Unsafe
for human consumption
2.
Open
to run-off or storm water pollution
Open
to run-off or storm water pollution
3.
Could
cave-in at anytime.
Could
cave-in at anytime.
4.
Inability
to supply needed water percentage at the dry season
Inability
to supply needed water percentage at the dry season
5.
Porous
to all forms of pollution
Porous
to all forms of pollution
6. Do not easily forms lather with soap
Advantages of deep wells
1.
Safe
for human consumption
Safe
for human consumption
2.
Ability
to supply needed water at anytime or season.
Ability
to supply needed water at anytime or season.
3.
Could
easily forms a lather with soap
Could
easily forms a lather with soap
4.
Not
open to any forms of contamination or pollution
Not
open to any forms of contamination or pollution
5.
Provided
longevity for the well
Provided
longevity for the well
6.
Requires
little or no water treatment.
Requires
little or no water treatment.
Driven
tube well: this
is constructed with a perforated tube called a well point. The tube is driven
into the ground to bring water.
tube well: this
is constructed with a perforated tube called a well point. The tube is driven
into the ground to bring water.
Bored
tube well: this can
be sunk by hand using anger-a twisted tool into the ground.
tube well: this can
be sunk by hand using anger-a twisted tool into the ground.
Jetted
tube well: it is
sunk into a soft ground with the aid of a pipe. This pipe moves up and down
with the help of a level, to pump upward water, when the pipe rise, it closes
and when released, open and water falls out.
tube well: it is
sunk into a soft ground with the aid of a pipe. This pipe moves up and down
with the help of a level, to pump upward water, when the pipe rise, it closes
and when released, open and water falls out.
Hand
dug well: This involves
digging manually to extract water from the ground. It makes use of bucket and
rope to pull out water etc.
dug well: This involves
digging manually to extract water from the ground. It makes use of bucket and
rope to pull out water etc.
