Different types of registers

·        
Data Register: A register used in microcomputers to temporarily store data being
transmitted to or from a peripheral device.

·        
Memory Address Register (MAR):  This register holds
the memory addresses of data and instructions. This register is used to access
data and instructions from memory during the execution phase of an instruction.
Suppose CPU wants to store some data in the memory or to read the data
from the memory. It places the address of the-required memory location in the
MAR
.

·        
Program Counter: The program counter (PC),
commonly called the instruction pointer (IP) and
sometimes called the instruction address register, or
just part of the instruction sequencer in some computers, is a processor
register.
It keeps track of the next memory address
of the instruction that is to be executed once the execution of the current
instruction is completed. In other words, it holds the address of the memory
location of the next instruction when the current instruction is executed.
·        
Accumulator Register:  This register is used for storing the results those are
produced by the system. When the CPU will generate some results after the
processing then all the results will be stored into the AC
Register
.
·        
Memory Data Register (MDR): MDR is the register of a computer’s control unit that contains the
data to be stored in the computer storage (e.g. RAM), or
the data after a fetch from the computer storage. It acts like
a buffer
and holds anything that is copied from the memory
ready for the processor to use it. MDR hold the information before it goes to the
decoder.

·        
Index Register:  A hardware element which holds a number that can be added to (or, in some
cases, subtracted from) the address portion of a computer instruction to form
an effective address. Also known as
base register. An index register in a computer’s CPU is a processor register used for
modifying operand addresses during the run of a program.

·        
Memory Buffer Register (MBR):   This register holds the contents of data or instruction read from, or
written in memory. It means that this register is used to store data/instruction
coming from the memory or going to the memory.

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