Introduction to Malaria Disease

Malaria is a protozoa disease
transmitted by the female anopheles mosquitoes to human wildly speared in
tropical and subtropical regions including much of the sub-Saharan, Asia and
the Americans. Malaria is significant in this region because of the amount of
rainfall and consistent high temperature, warm and high humidity, along with
stagnant in which their larvae mature provide mosquitoes with the environment
needed for continuous breeding.

It is estimated that each
year over 30 million women became pregnant in area of prevalence to the spread
of malaria in Africa, with most living in area of stable malaria transmission. Although,
the vast majority of woman with malaria alluring pregnancy remain asymptomatic,
infection increase the risk of maternal anemia and delivering a low birth
weight (I. B. W).
Malaria originated from Halian
which means bad air and was first used by Leonardo Buni in a publication of
1476. Malaria has infested human for over 50, 00 years and plasmodium may have
been a human pathogen for the entire history of the species.
The study of malaria has
involved the work of Mang Scioutists, Chalets Lavern 1880, discovered the ting protozoa
which cause malaria. Ronald Ross m 1891 proved that mosquitoes are necessary to
spread malaria, Giovarri Grassi worked out their complexes life cycle of the
malaria parasite in 1948 and the treatment for malaria was discovered.
Epidemiology
It is estimated that malaria
causes about 250 million cases of fever and proximately are million deaths
annually (W H O, 2005). The vast majority of cases occur in children under 5
years old pregnant woman (Green wood and Whitty 2005) malaria in adult who live
in malaria endemic area is a neglected area of research area. Malaria control
strategies have focused on children under 5 years and pregnant woman as the
majority of malaria related sickness and death is seen in these two groups. However,
early studies in west Africa showed that clinical attack of malaria all so
occur in adult living in areas of high endemicity.
According to  the latest estimates, there were about 219
million  cases of malaria  in 2010 (with an uncertainty range of 154
million to 289 million) and  estimated
660,000 deaths (with  an uncertainty  range of 
490,000 to 836,000) malaria mortality rates have fallen by more than 25%
of globally  2000, and by 30% in the W H
O Africa region. Most deaths occur among children living in Africa where a
child dies every minute from malaria. Country – lover burden estimated. 80% of
malaria death in 2010 occurs in just 14 countries and about 80% of case occurs
in 17 countries.  Together, the
democratic Republic of the can go can and Nigeria account for over 40% of the estimated
total of malaria death globally (W.H.O, 2013)

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