A
co-ordinate bond also called a dipolar
bond, coordinate link, dative bond, or semipolar bond, is a description of covalent bonding
between two atoms in which both electrons
shared in the bond come from the same atom. The distinction from ordinary
covalent bonding is artificial, but the terminology is popular in textbooks,
especially those describing coordination
compounds. Once such a bond has been formed, its strength
and description is no different from that of other polar covalent bonds.
co-ordinate bond also called a dipolar
bond, coordinate link, dative bond, or semipolar bond, is a description of covalent bonding
between two atoms in which both electrons
shared in the bond come from the same atom. The distinction from ordinary
covalent bonding is artificial, but the terminology is popular in textbooks,
especially those describing coordination
compounds. Once such a bond has been formed, its strength
and description is no different from that of other polar covalent bonds.
Dipolar bonds occur when a Lewis base
(an electron
pair donor or giver) donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid
(an electron pair acceptor) to give a so-called adduct. The process of forming a dipolar bond is called coordination. The electron donor
acquires a positive formal charge,
while the electron acceptor acquires a negative formal charge.
(an electron
pair donor or giver) donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid
(an electron pair acceptor) to give a so-called adduct. The process of forming a dipolar bond is called coordination. The electron donor
acquires a positive formal charge,
while the electron acceptor acquires a negative formal charge.
An
example of a co-ordinate bond is Dissolving hydrogen chloride in water to make
hydrochloric acid
A hydrogen ion (H+) is transferred from
the chlorine to one of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
the chlorine to one of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
H2O+HCl→H3O++Cl−
The H3O+ ion is variously
called the hydroxonium ion, the hydronium ion or the oxonium ion. In an
introductory chemistry course, whenever you have talked about hydrogen ions
(for example in acids), you have actually been talking about the hydroxonium
ion. A raw hydrogen ion is simply a proton, and is far too reactive to exist on
its own in a test tube.
called the hydroxonium ion, the hydronium ion or the oxonium ion. In an
introductory chemistry course, whenever you have talked about hydrogen ions
(for example in acids), you have actually been talking about the hydroxonium
ion. A raw hydrogen ion is simply a proton, and is far too reactive to exist on
its own in a test tube.
If you write the hydrogen ion as H+(aq),
the “(aq)” represents the water molecule that the hydrogen
ion is attached to. When it reacts with something (an alkali, for example), the
hydrogen ion simply becomes detached from the water molecule again. Note that
once the coordinate bond has been set up, all the hydrogens attached to the oxygen are exactly equivalent. When a
hydrogen ion breaks away again, it could be any of the three
the “(aq)” represents the water molecule that the hydrogen
ion is attached to. When it reacts with something (an alkali, for example), the
hydrogen ion simply becomes detached from the water molecule again. Note that
once the coordinate bond has been set up, all the hydrogens attached to the oxygen are exactly equivalent. When a
hydrogen ion breaks away again, it could be any of the three
