Pesticides can be
classified in different way via:
classified in different way via:
a.
According to their target pest
According to their target pest
b.
According to their chemical nature
According to their chemical nature
c.
According to their mode of action
According to their mode of action
d.
According to their route of entry
According to their route of entry
e.
According to their formulation
According to their formulation
f.
According to the stages in their life cycle
According to the stages in their life cycle
g.
According to their potential hazards etc
According to their potential hazards etc
According to their target pests
|
Pesticides |
Target pest
|
|
Insecticides e.g.
malathion |
Insects
(mosquitoes, flies etc) |
|
Avicide e.g.
fenthion |
Birds
|
|
Bactericides e.g.
chlordane, toxophane |
Mites, spider,
stick etc. |
|
Fungicides e.g.
benomyl |
Fungi
|
|
Herbicides e.g.
atrazine, paraquet, uproot etc |
Weeds (plant)
|
|
Nematocides e.g
carbofuran |
Nematodes
|
|
Molluscides e.g.
malathion, |
Oysters, snails
|
|
parathion
|
Rats , mice etc.
|
|
Rodenticides e.g.
warfarin, zinc phosphate |
Eggs of insects
|
|
Ovicides
|
Algae and aquatic plants
|
|
Algicide e.g
methoxychlor, DDT
larvicides
|
Larvae
|
(Source: Erutase,
2013)
2013)
According To Their Chemical Nature
These
are pesticides that are manufactured artificially by the addition of two or
more elements together to form a compound. They are organic and inorganic (i.e.
degradable and non-degradable compound)
are pesticides that are manufactured artificially by the addition of two or
more elements together to form a compound. They are organic and inorganic (i.e.
degradable and non-degradable compound)
In-Organic Compound: they are not easily degradable because they are made of mainly
compounds involving copper, mercury, cadium, chromium and zinc. These chemicals
are very toxic to man.
compounds involving copper, mercury, cadium, chromium and zinc. These chemicals
are very toxic to man.
Organic Compound: these are pesticides that can be easily degraded and are not toxic in
nature, that is, they are environmental friendly because they posses carbon
atoms in their molecules. They includes
nature, that is, they are environmental friendly because they posses carbon
atoms in their molecules. They includes
ü Botanicas: These
are naturally occurring compounds that are derived from plants and plants
product that have vary insecticidal properties. They are prepared by extraction
or drying and grinding of plants part into dust, they have knockdown effects on
their target pest but effects only last short time because it easily lost its
potency. They are expensive to produce e.g. pyrethrum, redsquell, retonone, etc.
are naturally occurring compounds that are derived from plants and plants
product that have vary insecticidal properties. They are prepared by extraction
or drying and grinding of plants part into dust, they have knockdown effects on
their target pest but effects only last short time because it easily lost its
potency. They are expensive to produce e.g. pyrethrum, redsquell, retonone, etc.
ü Hydrocarbon Oil: These are pesticides which are
extracted from oils that are made up of mostly hydrogen and carbon atoms. They
have low or no toxic effects on man. They are active and safe to use for
household pest control. They are mostly applied on stagnant water to control
larva of mosquitoes e.g. kerosene, lubricating oil etc.
extracted from oils that are made up of mostly hydrogen and carbon atoms. They
have low or no toxic effects on man. They are active and safe to use for
household pest control. They are mostly applied on stagnant water to control
larva of mosquitoes e.g. kerosene, lubricating oil etc.
ü Synthetic Compounds: these are pesticides that are made up of
a.
Organochlorines (chlorinated hydrocarbon)
Organochlorines (chlorinated hydrocarbon)
b.
Organophosphate
Organophosphate
c.
Carbonate
Carbonate
d.
Botanical analogues
Botanical analogues
e.
Hormone analogues
Hormone analogues
They are largest
group of pesticides (Oreyomi, 2001).
group of pesticides (Oreyomi, 2001).
According To Their Route Of Entry
i.
Their route of entry is always by
- Contact/ skin / cuticle
- Ingestion i.e. mouth
- Inhalation i.e. respiratory
(air) - Penetration
According To Their Mode Of Action
These
are various way in which chemicals or pesticides act on the body of pests to
cause death or disability. The mode of action of pesticides includes
are various way in which chemicals or pesticides act on the body of pests to
cause death or disability. The mode of action of pesticides includes
i.
Nerve poison
Nerve poison
ii.
Respiratory poison
Respiratory poison
iii.
Physical poison
Physical poison
iv.
Muscle poison
Muscle poison
v.
Digestive poison
Digestive poison
vi.
General poison
General poison
vii.
Behaviour modifier
Behaviour modifier
References
Erutase,
J. (2013). Lecture Note on Pesticides. School of Health Technology Ofuoma –
Ughelli (Unpublished).
J. (2013). Lecture Note on Pesticides. School of Health Technology Ofuoma –
Ughelli (Unpublished).
Oreyomi,
M. K. (2001). Selected Topics on
Environmental Health. Ibadan
M. K. (2001). Selected Topics on
Environmental Health. Ibadan
